What Career Should You Choose in the AI Age?

0:00We don't just invest in cutting-edge companies. We look at companies with a history of steady growth, and companies whose growth cycle has come round again. Because in the real world, you have to look at growth in three dimensions. Monks investment trust. Some people treat Chachy-P-T like some kind of smart search engine, and some use it to get work done. Chachy-P-T work is a new way of working in Chachy-P-T that can take action across your apps and files, stay with a project for hours if needed, and turn a goal into finished work. It's designed to help you move from a chaotic starting point to a reviewable first version. So all the source materials, briefs, and scattered information that you have to grind through to turn into something useful can just become something useful. Put Chachy-P-T to work on your most ambitious ideas and projects. Get started at chachy-P-T.com by selecting Work Mode, available on plus and pro plans. Healthcare doesn't always work great. If you've ever waited on a refill or couldn't schedule an appointment,

1:02you get it. That's the kind of stuff Optum is changing. They're using data and technology to integrate patient care, pharmacy, and everything else. So Healthcare is connected, not complicated. What's that look like? Cheaper prescriptions that are easier to get and care that looks at the whole person. How you need it. Optum is helping make Healthcare work as one for everyone. Learn more at business.optum.com. Bloomberg Audio Studios. Podcasts, radio, news. Welcome back to Marin Talks Money, the podcast in which people who know the markets, explain the markets. I am Marin Somset, web. This week, I'm speaking with Daniel Suskind and economist and one of the leading thinkers on our technology and artificial intelligence are changing our world of work. Daniel's a professor at Gresham College and King's College London

2:03and a researcher at Oxford University and the Stanford Digital Economy Lab. He has spent the last 15 years studying technology and work in his previous books, including A World Without Work and Growth, A Reckoning. Now, regular listeners to Marin Talks Money will know that I often ask, I guess, what should our children be studying? What kind of work will survive the rise of AI? And how should young people prepare for what is coming? And how can we help them prepare for what is coming? Well, well, Daniel is written a whole book about exactly that, not because we asked them to, which is because I guess is interesting. It's called, what should my children do? How to flourish in an age of AI? It asks what the next generation should learn, which skills will matter, and how much we can prepare for a future we can't predict. Daniel, welcome to Marin Talks Money. Thank you so much for having me. Right, we are very lucky because we have got the perfect hook for our conversation, which is that the pizza education numbers came out this morning and I'm sure that you've looked at them as well and we are talking by the way on the 8th of September.

3:04They gave up this morning and they were really depressing. They showed a global decline pretty much across the board in maths and reading. They were even down from what we saw in 2022. And when we saw depressing numbers for reading and mathematical skills around the world in 2022, we remember COVID, it'll get better. It'll be fine, but it isn't. It hasn't got better. It's got worse. And I know that all generations look at the one below them and go, well, they're useless. It's getting worse and normally it isn't. But these numbers suggest that there is something going on. I think that's right. I think that's right. I mean, the numbers appear actually early on in the book, but only up to 2022 because it's global data and it takes them, takes the OECD a good few years to gather it together. It's that the many people have pointed to the particularly sort of precipitous fall in literacy, but it's also a numeracy as well.

4:05I think it's a disaster in itself, but it's a particular disaster for thinking about how we prepare the next generation for the age of artificial intelligence. And I think there's two reasons why. One is, and this is a theme that runs through the book, and you alluded it to it in your opening comments there, which is that it is incredibly difficult, not impossible to predict the future. The way in which we have traditionally, I think, thought about preparing the next generation for the future of work is to try and think as cleverly and as deeply as we can about what's going to happen in the future and what jobs will have to be done and then reason back and say, well, these are the sort of future proof skills that we need to teach the next generation. I just think that's too difficult to do. We just can't predict with confidence, particularly in this extraordinarily uncertain world, exactly what more advanced skills, perhaps its creativity, perhaps its judgment, perhaps its problem solving,

5:06are really going to be in demand. But I think what we do know is that whatever those advanced skills turn out to be, they are going to rely in some way on people having those basics in place. Now, those basics are basics, not simply in the sense that literacy and numeracy are the most fundamental skills, but they're also basic in the sense that they're the building blocks, they're the foundations for everything else. And so I think that is one reason that I think it's particularly worrying that whatever skills do to turn out to be valuable, they are going to rely on these basics. Would you blame technology for this decline in literacy and mathematical ability? Would you look at that and say, well, this is social media. This is children not paying attention. Or is it something's gone wrong in teaching? And we know there's always fads aren't there in the way that children are taught and there's different ways that children are taught. And if you draw down the numbers that we've seen globally, there's something quite interesting that's happened to England

6:09where mathematical and literary skills have remained fairly static, but there's been no devotion to any particular type of educational fad in England. It's stuck to basic old-fashioned ways of teaching give or take. And so England now finds that having it moved from number 2025 in the world and most things happen to being in the top 10 in almost every educational skill. Whereas at the same time, we've seen devolved areas of the UK where maybe there's been something more faddish going on at Scotland Wales where we've seen declines. So that could be part of it globally a different way of teaching. But another part of it has been fairly obvious to adults anyway that it is social media-related. I think there's two really interesting things here. One is, I think technology does play a role. I don't think it's a coincidence that this decline in literacy and numeracy begins in 2009. 2009 is the year that young people's lives start to become saturated with smartphones and social media and they're sort of distracted

7:09and attention is fragmented. And in the book, I am very critical of social media. I have lots of worries about social media. I think many of the ideas that are gaining traction for restricting children's access to social media, things like no smartphones before 14, no social media before 16, phone free schools, lots of play. I think all of these are terrific things. But I think there is something really important though to remember which is that social media is not the same thing as artificial intelligence. And one of the worries that I have is that legitimate concerns about social media are being bundled into a conservatism and fears about artificial intelligence. So sensible restrictions on social media are leading to knee-jerk bands and things like Chatchy P.T. And I think that's a mistake because where I think social media does disempower and distract us.

8:11Artificial intelligence, if used in the right way, has the potential to make our lives go vastly better. And that is part of what the book is. It's a big part of what the book is about. There's another way to put this, which is that I think at the moment we have trapped ourselves in a debate about what the right amount of screen time is. Do we want more screen time or do we want less screen time? And we're sort of collectively searching for the sort of Goldilocks level of screen time, not too much, not too little, just right. And my view is that actually that's the wrong debate. What we should really be debating is what is actually on these screens? How are we using this technology? And if we are using it right and using it to prepare the next generation for this world that they're about to enter, then I think that's a really good thing. One of the reasons I think that people may be confused or are concerned about the connection between AI and social media is because of course AI has invaded social media. So you know, kids are asking AI slop all over the place,

9:12which I think keeps them moving through reels faster and faster and faster and through larger chunks of time than they might have pre-AI. So there is a there's a connection that you can see where absolutely the dangers signals are for parents and for teachers. Clearly the distinction isn't a sharp one. But I think it's sharp enough to say there is something materially different from using AI as a personal tutor to browsing on TikTok. I mean, one of the big worries that I explore in the book is around technological distraction. It's not a new worry, almost continually. As new technologies have arrived, people have worried that they were going to distract us. From the day of the first printing press. Quite. Books are dangerous for people, bugs are dangerous, and then the radio was dangerous and then the television was dangerous. So media was dangerous. That's right. I went back in time and looked at different technologies. So even the introduction of the stamp, for instance, the Penny stamp which made postage something that was far more affordable and no longer just something for the kind of aristocratic class in Britain to enjoy each other.

10:18The what was fascinating was a worry that people were going to be distracted by all this tittle tattle in the letters that they received. You might receive up to 12 deliveries of posts a day. And people were terrified that there was just going to be too much gossip and too much sort of idle reflection in all of these letters. And exactly right. It continues up to date. But the serious point is that I think there is a re... Part of the book is arguing that we need to have an AI curriculum. And we need to be spending... I mean, just to give you a flavour of quite how ambitious I think we need to be. I think we need to be spending about a third of our time in education teaching people how to use these technologies critically. But part of that is also teaching them about distraction. I think it's one of the great challenges with these technologies. And one of the things that I think some people might find surprising is that

11:18paying attention or not being distracted, the more we learn about it is that it is a skill that can be learned. The other thing is of course that these technology companies have done an extraordinary, extraordinarily effective job of leveraging the body of work that we have been building up over the last few decades into distraction, how bit forming and so on, and sort of turned it against us with these technologies. And so I think part of it is also about educating the next generation on the nature of distraction and how these technologies are catching their attention and not letting it go. We don't just invest in cutting-edge companies. We look at companies with a history of steady growth and companies whose growth cycle has come round again. Because in the real world, you have to look at growth in three dimensions.

12:18Mokes Investment Trust. This is the Bloomberg Tech Minute brought to you by Chatchee PT. Now with Chatchee PT work, I'm Carol Masser. AI is creating a new path for musical stardom. As Bloomberg's Lucas Shaw and Ashley Carmen report, Soono and AI-generated music company, let's useers generate a song in any style based on a text prompt. People can upload their own lyrics or start from scratch. Record their own voices or rely on ones provided by Soono. While most of the songs generated on the service go unheard of by the masses, a few have taken off, including a recent TikTok trend that involves users uploading text messages to Soono and turning them into musical performances by taking that text from a crazy night out and making it a gospel song. Soono's pitch to investors is that it'll democratize music creation, leading to a more than $5 billion valuation for the company. The music industry? It's watching. As its biggest concern about AI is whether record labels,

13:18rights holders and artists will be compensated for the work they claim built the training models for companies like Soono. Another question? Will these AI bangers have any staying power or just be one hit wonders? That's the Bloomberg Tech Minute brought to you by Chatchee PT. Put Chatchee PT to work on your most ambitious ideas and projects. Get started at chatchee PT.com today by selecting work mode, available on plus and pro plans. You already know how AI is changing how everyday work gets done, how much ground you can cover and how fast a team can scale. To stay ahead, you need the tools to give you a competitive advantage, built for this new era. Welcome to a Genteg Revenue. Adio is the CRM for this world. It meets you where you work. Compounds every customer signal into context, then acts on it across your pipeline to let you move it on match speed and scale. With agents and animations for every job in Revenue, Adio orchestrates your work around the clock. Built to handle the scale of your workloads, extensible with API and MCP and with the infrastructure to keep up with your most ambitious agents.

14:23Loved by high growth startups like Granola, Modal and Edge, Adio runs the work behind every win. That's Adio, the agent at CRM, the intelligent system that never sleeps. Picks up leads at 2 a.m. Catchers renewals before they slip. Hands you the answer before you ask. Try Adio free at adio.com slash iHeart. That's adio.com slash iHeart. The other thing when we're talking about teaching AI and how to use the AI, when we go back to the basics you were talking about earlier of critical thinking, it would seem to me that that is one of the most important skills that we need as long as we're dealing with AI in the form of LLMs as opposed to anything else because LLMs as we know are very error prone hallucinations we call them. So it is very, very frequent and particularly the longer you go on with your prompts

15:24and your tokens, the more likely you are to have hallucinations and errors come through. So if we are encouraging people to use LLMs to help them study, we also need to be sure that we give them the tools that they need to understand how and where these errors will creep in and how best to recognize them. That seems to me to be a huge part of AI learning. I think that's exactly right. That is a big difference with the calculator, which is that you don't worry the calculator is going to run out of steam and make a mistake in the fourth decimal place. You know what you get if you put the question incorrectly is the correct answer. That's not the case with AI. And so we have to be teaching people to make critical use of these technologies. And again, this isn't just the book is called What Should My Children Do? But it's far more than that. It's a book about how we prepare everyone to flourish in this new technological world. But I think there are kind of playful and interesting and imaginative ways

16:25that we can teach that sort of thing. I was thinking about, and I do this in the book, I spent some time thinking about what would it look like to teach subjects with AI, perhaps subjects outside of my domain. So I'm a mathematician and an economist and I have a pretty good sense of what it would look like to teach those subjects. But what would it look like to teach say poetry? One of the consequences of being a dad of three children, eight, eight, five and two, is that I have very little time now to focus on a sort of on a novel. Concentrated amounts of large stretches of concentrated time. And so I found myself over the last five, six years reading an awful lot of poetry. But the thing about poetry, of course, is that you really need to read it in a group with other people, have a kind of lecturer directing it. It's often quite difficult to make sense of. And that's actually one of the ways in which I've been using AI as a sort of study partner to help me make sense of the one on one tutor quite to make me. And the using AI as a personal tutor is a big part of the book.

17:34But I was wondering, what would it look like to teach poetry with AI? And I thought, well, there's a very simple way where you could study a familiar poem without AI. And then you could use AI to help you understand an unfamiliar poem. But perhaps there are more creative ways. Perhaps you might be able to use AI to rewrite a poem in the voice of another poet or perhaps the same voice for poet that changed the topic. And then perhaps... This is not going to make you popular with poets, Daniel. Well, hold on a second. Because then you might use AI to gather all the commentary on a particular poem, which I did. And you might say, hold on a second, how do we know that these commentaries exist? And you might use that as an opportunity for thinking about hallucination, whether or not these pieces of analysis really did work. And you might then say, well, let's get the AI to analyze this poem. And you might say, hold on a second, this AI isn't a human being. How does that shape it's the sort of interpretation?

18:34You might use that as an opportunity to think about what it is that human beings are uniquely placed to do and what it is that... So I'm not suggesting that those rewritten poems are in some way of greater aesthetic quality. But I think it prompts a really interesting conversation, again, to your point about the... When we're teaching AI, it's not just about how do you write an efficient prompt, but it's this sort of broader conversation about what this technology is, what it can do, what it can't do, what it does things, what are its strengths, its limitations. And I mean, those were the sorts of things I found myself grappling with. And it's the sort of thing that, again, it's not my domain, but it's the sort of thing that I would love. People, teachers in each of these different areas to be thinking about, because I think with their expertise, they could come up with incredibly exciting and imaginative ways of putting this technology to use in their particular discipline. Finally, something to cheer teachers up.

19:34We've spent quite a long time talking about what education should look like, what we would like, or you would like the future to look like, back to basics, test both include AI education, etc. But it's not there yet, that's not what we've got now. So if you are a young person today, let's say you're coming up to choosing A-level, for example, what do you choose that you say we can't predict the future? I absolutely agree with you. We have no idea what's coming next. And it's very hard to tell what very specific skills will be useful. It's hard to say, well, this is future-proofed and this isn't, you know, if Ron keeps telling young people to go out and learn a skill, be a blemma, be a electrician, be a baker, whatever. But we don't even know that realistically. So if you were sitting there, you're 15 and a half, 16, you're looking at your A-level, you've got to choose three subjects. What are they going to be? So I think this question, what are they going to be is really interesting. And I mean, there's so much advice I would want to give.

20:36Give it. I think one of the biggest pieces would be, I think the way in which we prepare people for work is to say, what job do you want to do? And then to say, you know, because you want to do that job, these are the skills and capabilities you need. And I think actually that approach is going to lead to disappointment. So what I write about in the book is that actually you've got to ask the question, not what job do I want to do. But what problem am I interested in spending my life solving? You know, if you go into law because you want to be the sort of lawyer you saw on suits or you go into medicine because you want to be the sort of doctor you saw on house, you're going to be bitterly disappointed because what those jobs look like. Are going to change dramatically in the coming years. But if you go into these worlds because you're interested in say, you know, improving access to justice or solving legal problems. So you're going to medicine because you're interested in solving medical problems. And you're far more agnostic about what that job might look like. Then I think the future is a very exciting one because these problems aren't going away.

21:36It's just the way in which we solve those problems are going to look very, very different. And I think in part, this is, yeah, I've not been surprised seeing the case. I've been the kind of angry protest from young, particularly in the US, kind of graduating students, who have finished spending a huge amount of money and a huge amount of time and a huge amount of effort preparing to be a particular type of, have a particular job. And then some tech boss stands up and says, no, that world's going to disappear because of AI. And I think part of the problem is that this idea of a job is just an unhelpful way and unhelpful way of kind of anchoring your expectations about what your future is going to look like. I think we should be encouraging people, young people to be far more focused on what sort of problems are they interested in solving. And I caught a glimpse of this. This isn't a new observation, but it's one that I think has become more important in the last few years. One of the things that made me think that this was going to become increasingly important

22:38was a paper written in 2017 by a team at Stanford. And it was an announcement of a system which you gave it a photo of a freckle. It would tell you as accurately as leading dermatologists whether or not that freckle was cancerous. Today, AI enabled diagnostics as pretty widespread. But back then, 10 years ago, this was a pretty dramatic announcement. And it caused a stir. But what was particularly interesting about it was the final co-author on the paper who was a man called Sebastian Thru, who some listeners might know he is not in fact a medical doctor, but he's the guy who developed the first driverless car. So here is a guy who knows absolutely nothing about medicine at all. And yet he's able to use these systems to solve a problem that would have required an extraordinarily talented dermatologist, a decade of experience and training and expense and insight. And he was able to design a system that could solve this problem. And it's, yeah, there is a sense in which these technologies just don't have a lot of respect

23:40for the traditional boundaries that we have drawn between different subjects and different disciplines and different occupations and different jobs. And I think we need to be frank with people about that and just say, you have to focus on the problems you're interested in solving and be open to the job that you have and the skills that you're required to learn as time passes, just looking very different from the sorts of things that you required in the 20th century. Let's go back to A-levels. Yes. Is that being the one you look at A-levels you are particularly focused again on anything that teaches you critical thinking as opposed to wrote learning, so any critical thinking. And maybe even linguistics because your relationship with your agency is a linguistic one, right? Going back to effective prompting. That kind of subject? I think it's a balance of two things. I think partly it's back to basics. Are these subjects helping you refine and improve those basics, which I think are so important? But there's also something just more mercenary, which is what is going to prepare me best for the particular,

24:40either subjects I want to do at university or if you not think of university, if at other parts. There's a more transactional approach to A-levels as well that you just have to confront. I had someone on the podcast the other day and we were talking about what should you learn, what should you think about. And we were talking about quantum computing. And he said that what we should all be doing is learning philosophy, spending a lot of time reading and learning about philosophy because the existential crisis that is going to come to us all when quantum computing is really a go, combine that with the problems that AI will solve in our minds or we'll be so blown we're going to need philosophy to fall back on. Yes, so I'd say I'd go back to critical thinking, which in a sense is sort of philosophy applied, which is philosophy is critical thinking applied to the biggest questions. But just the reason I wrote this book, what should my children do was because I've spent the last 10 or 15 years,

25:41as you said, writing about the impact of technology on work and often from there's kind of bigger macro questions. What does it mean for work, what does it mean for growth, what should the state do. And what I have found time and again as I travel around talking to very different groups of people, very different places, that people come and say that's all very interesting about this sort of coming quantum apocalypse. But I've got three kids at home, what on earth should they do? And so what I really trying to do is just bring some of these ideas back down to earth and say what all of us parents, individuals, teachers, policymakers, politicians can do if we're thinking about preparing the next generation. What about us? What about me? And we're also obsessed with the kids, right? The next generation, them, them, them. What about me, me, me? So I'm glad you said what do we add on to prepare ourselves? Right, because one of the chapters in the book is don't forget the adults. I know, I know. Yeah, yeah, yeah, because I think it's so important.

26:41Yeah, because these challenges aren't simply for the next generation there for this generation too. And just to come back to a word we used at the start uncertainty, there is a huge amount of uncertainty about the future. About exactly what jobs are going to have to be done, what skills are going to be most important. I think this uncertainty is perhaps the defining feature of the age of artificial intelligence. But the best response any of us really have to uncertainty is flexibility, a capacity and a willingness to retrain and re-skill particularly later in life with the same intensity and seriousness that people engage in education at the start of their life. And I just don't think we're anywhere near that yet. So really the cool, in that part of the book is really saying we just need to take adult education far more seriously. We need to sort out the quantity of money that we're spending, both individuals, both states, companies in helping people retrain and re-skill. So what should I go, what should I go and do a course in?

27:44One of the things that I find particularly interesting and exciting is the how. If you were to step into a time machine and go back 100 years and walk into a classroom or a lecture theater, it looked remarkably similar to how it does today, despite the existence of lots of technological alternatives. But I think a turning point has now come after the sort of disappointment of education technology over the last few years where the technology just hasn't been there. But I think it is now able to do something quite interesting. And it's this, which is, we know that one-to-one tuition with a human shooter is extraordinarily effective. So an average student who receives one-to-one tuition with a human being will tend to outperform 98% of students in a traditional classroom setting incredibly effective. And I spent the best part of the decade as a teaching economics and mathematics at Oxford.

28:45I've seen how effective the tutorial system can be where I sat with one, two, three students, tailoring what I taught to the particular strengths and weaknesses of the people in front of me. But the problem with that, of course, is that it's just unaffordable. We haven't been able to offer that kind of personalized tuition to everybody who wants it. Now with these systems, you really can. And the kind of personalized interaction that you can have with these systems in trying to understand new and unfamiliar problems really does rival in my view. 95% of teachers that I've seen, and I include myself in that, they are incredibly effective at helping you understand new problems and new ideas. If you tell them who you are, what you're trying to understand, what it is that you want to do. And this is a roundabout way of saying, find a problem or an issue or a question that you're interested in and just run with one of these systems. And get it, treat it like a tutor and ask it to help you understand. Perhaps it's in an afternoon, perhaps you wanted to design a program for you over a few months, experiment and test and explore with these systems.

29:51Because they really are remarkable in the way that they can offer this personalized interaction. Yeah, I advise to give people one piece of advice, whoever they are, whatever they do. It's just to kind of glimpse what these technologies can now do. It's to find a problem that interests you or something you'd like to understand more about and try and use these technologies to do that with you. I mean, just an example of something that I've been doing just in the last few weeks. It's not in the book, but it's something that I've been spending my time doing. My grandfather had this beautiful watch, which my mom, his daughter, took to a repair person and said, can you repair this? And he said, no, it can't be repaired. And she suspected that something was up. He just wasn't sort of being entirely truthful. And so I've taken it upon myself now as a sort of to become a herologist with the help of ChachyBT. So I sit there with the system alongside me.

30:51It gave me guidance on all the tools that I need. It told me to, I ordered a simple mechanism from China to experiment on. So I could learn the basics of how the movement works. And now I've begun on this watch that my grandfather is apparently unfixable. And I'm in this week's long exercise, sending it photos, sending it photos through the microscope, gradually tinkering a tweaking. The idea that I could become a herologist without going for a kind of four week residential camp somewhere in the north of England to understand how watchers work as repentance, unimaginable until very recently. And now it's something that I'm able to do. So watch this space to see how I managed to do. Two points on that one worrying implications for employment globally if everyone can become their own herologist. Well, as there are an accountant at lawyer, and second, see if I can fix the watch. I haven't got that. Second, I would like to voice the thoughts of every single listener and viewer, which is he's never gonna finish that job with three kids under 10 in the house.

31:58Yeah. So we're making. So it's gonna happen in full disclosure, we're making slow progress. So we're making slow progress, but maybe maybe I will post some videos on my very fact that it's possible is fascinating. Daniel, one last question before you go, because I've played too much of your time. What are you reading at the moment? You've written this wonderful book. Everyone's gonna read it. But what are you reading yourself? I have one of the issues that really interests me is AI creativity and intellectual property. And in fact, I have a new series of lectures in my role on the professor of business at Gresham College in London. And I do a series of public lectures each year. Last year was on AI and its impact on work. This year is on AI creativity and copyright. I just think it's completely fascinating. There's a set of issues and tensions. And so I've actually been reading a lot from the early internet era. People like Larry Lessig, the Harvard Law Professor and your high bank close.

33:03The copyright regime is a consequence of this ongoing battle between technology and our ability to create and share new ideas and be creative in society. And there's a really interesting analogy I think between what's going on in the world of artificial intelligence at the moment and what happened at the start of the internet era, particularly with respect to sharing music and sharing videos and the copyright battles. I'm just sort of immersing myself back in that period a few decades ago. And in particular reading some of Larry Lessig's wonderful early work on those issues. Excellent. And Ken Ola, do you have more of a listen to your public lectures? Absolutely. Absolutely. So this is wonderful thing about Gresham is that I give six entirely public lectures a year. So you can either come in person to Gresham College, which is just in the city of London. If you can't attend in person, you can watch them online as well. It's a fantastic thing. And if AI creativity and intellectual property is not your thing, there are other, there's a set of other professors in fascinating other disciplines to lots of what's a great public lectures.

34:11OK, brilliant. Daniel, thank you very much. It's such a pleasure. Thank you for having me. Thanks for listening to this week's Merrin Talks Money. If you like our show, rate review and subscribe wherever you listen to your podcasts. And keep sending questions or comments to MerrinMoney at Bloomberg.net. You can also follow me on John on Twitter or Exam at MerrinSW and John is John Underskores. That fact, this episode was hosted by me MerrinSW at web, produced by Samisade and Moses and special designed by Blake Mapleton, special thanks, of course, the Daniels' first kid. Healthcare doesn't always work great. If you've ever waited on a refill or couldn't schedule an appointment, you get it. That's the kind of stuff optimum is changing. They're using data and technology to integrate patient care, pharmacy and everything else. So healthcare is connected, not complicated. What's that look like? Cheaper prescriptions that are easier to get and care that looks at the whole person. How you need it.

35:14Optum is helping make healthcare work as one for everyone. Learn more at business.optum.com. You already know how AI is changing how everyday work gets done, how much ground you can cover and how fast a team can scale. To stay ahead, you need the tools to give you a competitive advantage, built for this new era. Welcome to a GENTIG Revenue. Adio is the CRM for this world. It meets you where you work. Compounds every customer signal into context, then acts on it across your pipeline to let you move it on match speed and scale. With agents and animations for every job in revenue, Adio orchestrates your work around the clock, built to handle the scale of your workloads, extensible with API, and MCP, and with the infrastructure to keep up with your most ambitious agents. Loved by high growth startups like granola, modal, and etched, Adio runs the work behind every win. That's Adio, the agent at CRM, the intelligent system that never sleeps. Fix up leads at 2 a.m. Catches renewals before they slip, hands you the answer before you ask. Try Adio free at adio.com slash ihard.

36:16That's adio.com slash ihard. Get essential news on the people and companies pushing the tech sector to new frontiers. Hi, I'm Ed Ludlow. Join me for Bloomberg Tech, a daily podcast focused exclusively on technology, innovation, and the future of business. Every weekday we bring you the latest insights on Silicon Valley's top companies and conversations with tech's biggest decision makers. Listen to Bloomberg Tech on your commute home and stay ahead of the news cycle. Subscribe today on Apple, Spotify, or anywhere you listen.