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Victoria: The Girl Who Became Queen

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Queen Victoria would give her name to an age, but she was never really supposed to be Queen at all.


Robert Hardman and Professor Kate Williams go back to the chaotic royal family of George III and the unexpected death that triggered a desperate race to produce an heir, a contest that eventually produced the baby Alexandrina Victoria.


Her childhood at Kensington Palace was anything but happy. Controlled by her mother and the domineering John Conroy, Victoria was rarely allowed to be alone, couldn't even walk downstairs without someone holding her hand and grew up knowing that others expected to rule through her.


Then, just weeks after her 18th birthday, two men arrived at Kensington Palace with the news that changed everything: William IV was dead, and Victoria was Queen. Her first requests? An hour completely alone – and to have her bed moved out of her mother's room.

Hosts: Robert Hardman and Professor Kate Williams

Series Producer: Ben Devlin

Production Manager: Vittoria Cecchini 

Content Editor: Joseph Palmer

Executive Producer: Bella Soames


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Victoria: The Girl Who Became Queen

Queens, Kings, and Dastardly Things

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Queens, Kings, and Dastardly Things — Victoria: The Girl Who Became Queen. Machine-transcribed; use the interactive transcript above to jump the player to any line.

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What if Mike brings his cheerful dogs? My tree has tons of five star reviews telling me how sturdy it is. But what if everyone's plus one brings a plus one? We'll see how extendable this extendable table really is. And extra chairs are on the way. OK, what if there's a blizzard and everyone has to sleep over? Ready to go with extra bedding and towels. From guest-ready essentials to holiday decor you can trust, Wayfarer delivers. So Bob, what have we got coming up on the show today? OK, we have got the race to produce an air and the result is one of the greats, the extraordinary story of the woman who gave her name really to a century and was known as the grandmother of Europe. It's Queen Victoria. What was she really like? Hello and welcome to another episode of Queens, Kings and Dastardly Things. I'm Robert Harbin, Daily Mail columnist and author of Elizabeth II.

In private and public the inside story, I'm joined as ever by my co-host, Professor Kate Williams, historian, author of the new book Regina, which is very timely because we are talking about probably the, well, one of the most formidable, a Reginae of all time today, we are going to look at who Kate. Queen Victoria, I like the idea of the Reginae. It's my whole group of them. So we're looking at Queen Victoria, the longest-raining monarch of the United Kingdom until Elizabeth II came in there and beat her. And we're doing that because this is 150 years since she became, well, the most powerful woman on earth. It's 150 years ago this year that she became impressed. She was impressed of India and just seemed like a good time to look back and maybe dust off some of those cliches about Queen Victoria, trying to get to the real woman because, yeah, we know she wasn't immune.

She had a black dress. She liked her high-lamant servant after she got terribly upset after the death of Albert. She had lots of children and she gave her name to an entire British mindset. But Kate, let's go back to the beginning. And I know you're on authority on this because you've written another book called Becoming Queen about Victoria's early years. What I think people often forget is the assumption that she was just sort of born to be this sort of great monarch. Like in the early 19th century, there was great turbulence, wasn't there, in the British Royal family because the fabulous young princess, to everyone expected to be Queen, suddenly died. And that Queen, well, that would be Queen. And that young woman that would be Queen was Princess Charlotte. So George III, I know he's your favorite Robert, George III had seven sons and six daughters secured that throne, you might say. By the turn of the century, by the beginning of the 19th century, they had between them 56

illegitimate children and one legitimate heir, just one. And that was Princess Charlotte's daughter of the future George IV, with the wife he tried to get rid of, almost immediately after she'd had that child. Now Princess Charlotte was very popular, she was very beloved, she married a young to Prince Leopold, who was really seen as a war hero, very much liked. I was a love story. It was a love story. They lived at Claremont House. She was terribly popular, unlike her roundly and popular father and very unpopular uncles. But when she came to give birth, it was a total disaster. It was a total disaster. She was not given much food on the way, because she was overdue. So they thought, let's not give her much food, because this will make the baby smaller. I mean, that's just ridiculous. What it means is that the poor mother is exhausted when she comes to give birth. Finally, she gave birth often, pretty much 50 hour labor, and the baby was born still born, a little boy, and she died not long after. So this is the disaster. Britain has no air, and Byron apparently lent out of his window on the Grand Canal in

Venice and bellowed so loudly that everyone heard it. All of Britain was covered in black for Princess Charlotte and her little boy. It was disaster. But everyone was in mourning, but who was perhaps not so much in mourning were the sons of George III. So Kate Charlotte, the longed for air to the throne, everybody loves her. She's died Britain's in utter shock mourning. We need an air. I mean, otherwise the Crown is going to fizzle out. These seven sons and sick daughters have no children between them. So the sons embark on getting rid of their mistresses and finding legitimate wives. And there are two front runners who do this. Number one, future William IV, Duke of Clarence, who gets rid of poor Mrs. Dorothy A Jordan and Marys Adelaide of a charming Joe and Princess. And this is a joint wedding with his brother, the Duke of Kent, who he's got rid of his

very charming mistress, gave her a newspaper article, said, I'm looking for a wife. And then Marys, she read it in the paper. She read it in the paper. He was worse than ghosting, worse than not answering her text. She read it in the paper that he was looking for a wife. So pretty brutal. And he married Victoria Princess of Liningen, who is the sister of Princess Charlotte's widower. And that is now a double wedding that takes place. And the, oh, the, the, what they were doing here, they are trying to get this air. And there's a rhyme at the time that goes, hot and hard, each royal pair are at it going for the air. So these two brothers get married. They're both desperate for an air. Who wins that battle? The winner is the Duke of Kent with Victoria Princess of Liningen. Now Princess Victoria is some way from the throne. And she's born, she's officially fifth in line because George III is still on the throne, on the throne, Graham, on the throne. George III is still on the throne, Graham par.

And then his final stages, his dementia at Windsor. And then we have the future George IV, the Duke of York, the future William IV and her own father. So she's born a long way from the throne. And also the expectation is, is that the future William IV, he will have children. He will have children. He's got many illegitimate children. And he has had legitimate children with Adelaide, they just haven't survived. So Victoria is very unlikely to come to the throne at this point. But the Duke of Kent is very confident. He says, my brothers are not so strong as I am. The throne will come to me and my children. And he's determined that his daughter, who is rather healthy, you know. They say that she said it to be more of a pocket hurt killings, the pocket venous. But having a pocket hurt killings as a baby is good because you've got to be strong, you've got to be tough. And Victoria, the Duke of Kent is convinced, he'll bit the throne and then she will.

But he's right about her, he's wrong about himself. And initially, she's not called, well Victoria is one of her tunas, which is called Alexandrina, isn't she? And known as Drina. And that's not the Christening. And this is because the king has put his foot down. I mean, back then the king decided what names he liked and didn't like. And naughty Georgia fourth, old naughty as the Queen and Mr. Cullen. He decided he didn't like the other names. He said, no, she shall be called Alexandrina, Victoria. So essentially what happens at the Christening, now the Prince Regent, future Georgia fourth, is standing in for Georgia Third, who's too ill. And our Duke of Kent wants his little girl to be called a very royal name. He wants her to be called, oh, Charlotte, I don't think so. August is something very royal. Charlotte being the name of Georgia Third. He was a big signifier that she is royal. And of course, the future Georgia fourth doesn't want this, he's furious, his brother has the air. So there's this moment at the Christening, where the Archbishop's holding the baby over the font, saying, guys, a name please.

Now the first name is Alexandrina for the Sartre as a way of a line with him. She's got to have us to English. Because of Zahra Alexandrina in Russia. So let's suck up to the Russian. So I give you a Russian name. She's got to have an English second name. And finally, yeah, Prince Regent says, in the Blase old naughty does, says, oh, give her the mother's name, give her the mother's name. And the mother's name is Victoria. So this means our child is Victoria. Now, sorry lady Beckham, if you're listening. Victoria is seen as a very ridiculous name. Victoria herself, she thinks, she's done the first person ever to be called Victoria. Now she's not. We see it in a few of the parish records, but this is not. No, Royals call themselves the same name over and over again. It's Georgia, it is Charlotte, it's Augusta. And this is a child with a completely essentially made up name. That's number one, made up. Number two, French. Victoria is French.

And only four years before Victoria's birth, what's been going on? Yes, an Napoleonic Wars. So it's really like us having an heir to the throne and having been a brutal war. Say, with Australia for the last 15 years, and we call our heir to the throne, Kylya. Victoria, everything about her name is meant to signify. She's going to be my awesome, the throne. So we're here, we are, we're 1820. At that point, Georgia third has been the longest-raining one that we've ever had. Yes, he was mad, but he's much loved, he's, you know, he's one of my favourites. Yes, he was. He saw Napoleon died in his own bed. But anyway, Britain has now got this very unpopular Georgia fourth, as you say. But there's this little girl, this baby Victoria, and everyone's starting to think, well, maybe one day who knows. And sure enough, Georgia fourth, he does his ten years on the throne, and he dies.

And then the throne goes to William IV, who, as we've discussed, got married on the same day as Victoria's father, but who still hasn't been able to produce an heir. So this is a battle for power, because Victoria's mother, she wants to go back to Germany. I mean, she's not happy in England. And now she's, in a country she doesn't know. She knows that the royal family don't like her, because she's got the heir. She wants to go back to Germany, but her brother, who, of course, the widow of Prince Charlotte, persuades her to stay, because he says she's got to bring her up in this country, because she's going to be queen. And the poor man, you know, she becomes very dependent on, he's coming, he's got a sharp boohiss, the baddie, well, one of the, you know, quite, one of the baddies of history, the baddie of the peace is coming, and it's John Conroy, who've been really hanging around the family for a while. He had been acquiried to her father. He's interested in being quite interested.

He's inside the loop, yeah. He's inside the loop, and now that the Duke of Kent is dead, he immediately starts to push himself, controlling the justice. He's the man in the house, you know. I know, I know, I know, I know. The widow of Duchess of Kent, with his baby girl. You can't see anything like this, you don't, you don't know anything. You know. She's a very conventionally brought up woman. She's expecting a man to look after her. Now, she's a very devoted mother. She's determined to breastfeed Victoria herself, which is quite rare for women at the time. And she's a very devoted mother, but she is overwhelmed by the politics of the English court, by the fact that she knows George IV wants her out of the country. And John Conroy really takes over and turns Victoria's childhood in the wonderful, overrides of Kensington Palace, really into a miserable, miserable time. Because John Conroy institutes what is later called the Kensington system. And this is by which Victoria is never allowed to be alone. She has to sleep in her mother's room, which he likes as a small child,

but not as short, going to be a teenager. And when she goes to bed, a servant stands over her until her mother comes into the room. They also fear she's going to be killed by the next one down, the Duke of Hanover, we've talked about him, but it's a baddie. And so she can't have her food without it being tasted. She's not allowed to walk anywhere. She can't walk downstairs without someone holding her hand. So Victoria has a very heavily controlled childhood. She's not really allowed to see George IV, because her mother's terrified that he's going to kidnap her and say, she's the air, shove these are the ones out of power. She's not really allowed to see William IV when he comes to the throne. And she has his very controlled childhood, no friends. The friends that she's supposed to have are John Conroy's daughters. And everything about the way she's being brought up is saying, you will be controlled. And he thought she would actually be as easily manipulated as her mother and Victoria was made of strong stuff.

So we get to 1830 by which time Victoria is coming up to 11. And an important thing happens, George IV, he's done 10 years as king. He dies, that brother... No children. No children, named while part of the one poor princess Charlotte who died. William IV comes to the throne as we've said. She's already dead, so we go to William. We go to William, as we've said. He and Paul Queen Adelaide, she's now Queen, she's unable to produce any legitimate children. So suddenly, he started a dawn on everyone. Okay, we've got William IV for as long as he lives. He's known as the sailor king. He's not terribly popular. He's probably best remembered as an advocate of slavery. He's also on top of that anti-movements for electoral reform by which more people than just aristocratic men can vote. And this is a hot potato in William IV's reign, and he's totally against it, and he's very unpopular. He's seen as very conservative, and Victoria is going to be the heir.

And this is sort of last-minute panic about this ridiculous name. Oh, we've got to change it. We've got to change it. What about Charlotte? Oh, what about this? Interesting, isn't it? That they never think about changing it to Elizabeth. Who you might say? Well, there you've got a queen, a queen-regnant. But Elizabeth I is not seen as a good model for a 19th century queen, because she has no children. She has no child. She wasn't married all the points that you need to have for a acceptable woman in the 19th century. She hasn't got it. So... It is interesting, and she raised a boy now. I mean, all through her life, Queen Victoria had a very low regard for Elizabeth I. Elizabeth II thought Elizabeth I was rather impressive. Queen Victoria thought Elizabeth I, as you say, was a great woman. She hadn't done her duty because she hadn't married. She hadn't had children. Well, come on to that. I think she had to think that way, because that was what the men around her thought. They thought that Elizabeth I was not a good queen, hadn't had children, hadn't got married, and also executed her cousin, executed Mary Queen of Scots, executed many men, and she wanted no problem.

You know, this is the terror of everyone. Is the Victoria might come to the throne and say, I'll be single now, because maybe other women might want that too. So she can't. Elizabeth I is no role model, but a son of panic about changing Victoria's name. But her mother puts her foot down and says, no. This is her name. And so, this crazily-named little girl is now the heir to the throne. Pro football is back and so are the predictions. Trade yours on CalShi, America's number one prediction market platform. This Sunday, it's Denver versus Los Angeles, with a Denver currently trading at 46% to win. Trade $100 and you could get $209 if they win. Download CalShi. Use code audio25 to get $25 when you trade $25. KALSHI. CalShi. Trade what's next? 18 plus only. Restrictions and eligibility requirements apply. Event contract trading involves risk and may not be suitable for all investors. CalShi products are not available in all jurisdictions. Prices, values, and available markets may differ from those mentioned.

TransitionCeCalshi.com Slack Regulatory. Hey y'all, Kelly Clarkson here with WayFair. You know my favorite compliment during the holidays? Your house feels so cozy. That's when I know everyone's comfortable enough to kick off their shoes, grab more dessert, and stay a little longer. WayFair makes it easy, with everything from dining furniture to festive guest room essentials, all in one place. So whether you're hosting for an afternoon or all weekend, everyone feels right at home. Get holiday guest ready at WayFair.com or on the WayFair app today. WayFair every style, every home. She's an increasingly strong-world teenager, but yeah, this is a period of great tension, isn't it, Kate? Because as you say, she is. Victoria is out of the throne. But if she becomes queen before she's 18, only to be a regency. There's a whole question of who will be the regent. Well, there's John Conroy and her mother waiting to...

It'll be her mother, but obviously John Conroy... John Conroy will be controlled. Seizing all the money he could. And but I know. Victoria has a very clear idea that she's going to be queen. There's a rather sweet moment when she's a little bit younger and she's sort of told you're going to be queen. And she comes up with that rather sweet knowledge. I will be good. So it's obviously praying on her mind, but with every passing year, she's getting closer to the key moment of being 18. That's the moment where she's effectively in charge of her own destiny. So really, William IV, everyone is presumably just hoping that he can hang on in there until she's 18. And he does. And the king himself wants that. He basically says to his doctors, just keep me going. Wine me up, wind me up because he knows it's a disaster if Victoria comes to the throne under the age of 18. Now, Victoria turns 18 in May 1837.

And well, they have a great big party. The king isn't well. He kept his life. He isn't well. He's alive, though. And he sends her a lovely present to Piano, if I remember rightly. And everyone's decorating their windows and Kensington High Street. So all marvelous, Victoria's 18. Everyone's so happy. But we know who's not happy. Oh, yes. The Duchess and John Conroy are not happy. And leave the birthday ball a little bit early, shall we say. Well, the most parents get a bit sad when their child turns 18. A little bit emotional. But they have played the game and they've lost. And it's just three weeks. After Victoria turns 18, that her mother wakes her very early in the morning at Kensington Palace and tells her there's two men waiting to see her. And who are those two men? Well, we have the Archbishop of Canterbury and we have the Lord Chamberlain. The Lord Chamberlain has sort of head of the Royal Household. Head of the Royal Household. And they are waiting to tell her that William the Fourth is dead and she is now Queen.

And the place in Kensington Palace where she was told, it's now one of the rooms that you go into when you first arrive at Kensington. And there is a very famous portrait of this, isn't there? Yeah, lovely. It's sort of sun shining through the window. It's that way. And these two sort of elderly courtes on their knees and there's an angelic princess in white. In white? Yes. So they're kneeling. And then she's... And then white night dress. She's sort of Victoria is in her... Well, night gown, of course, at the wraparound her. And she's sort of standing there like this angel. And you can hear this voice of the angel is going, oh, as all the light comes on onto Victoria, that's a sign of fire, isn't it? She's this innocent, white-clad angel. You might think people might say, oh my goodness, we can't have an 18-year-old winning the throne. But the fact was that George the Fourth, William the Fourth, all the rest of those brothers were so unpopular, seen as debauched, corrupt, you know, licentious, lascivious, and Victoria is totally, totally different.

She's female, she's innocent. And that painting really is the beginning of the Victoria propaganda machine. It's an innocent girl accepting her duty from really, as if it's coming down from God. So it's June 1837. Finally, she's both Queen and she's 18. So technically, she's her own woman. Kate, how does this extraordinary transformation in her life? How does everything change for young Victoria? Everything changes. Well, Victoria, once she's told she's Queen, she asks for two things. She asks for an hour alone, because she's never had an hour alone in her whole life. She asks for an hour alone, and she asks for her bed to move from her mother's room. So there you go. She's independent woman, and the big messages to her mother, I am independent Queen. And that hour she spends alone, she basically spends it writing letters to all her relations,

like, hi, Japs. So she's always busy, it's not like she's going to sit up looking out of the window. But Victoria is sending a message. But there's one problem. So she has to move from Kensington Palace, which she's not too, too, too sad to leave. Move from Kensington Palace to Buckingham Palace. She's now the monarch. But she's told that, because she's a young single woman, she cannot live in the palace on her own. Mother has to live with her, and Conroy is there, and the power that they have over her continues as she is Queen, and they're going to try more and more to gain power over her. But she finds, very quickly finds an ally, doesn't she, in the form of her first Prime Minister, or Melbourne? Lord M. Victoria is delighted by Lord Melbourne. Now Lord Melbourne. I mean, as far as she hasn't really had a sort of father figure in her life, up to this point, because her father, Diabond, she was a baby, the man of the house, John Conroy, she absolutely loads. And suddenly there's this rather sort of handsome, wise,

consular figure, who she is constitutionally obliged to listen to anyway, because he's Prime Minister. And he very quickly forms, well, they form a friendship very soon, don't they? I think you're absolutely right. I think Victoria's always looking for a father figure, and here is a father figure, Lord Melbourne. And he, I think, also, is devoted to her as a daughter as well. So it's a very successful friendship. He tells her, you know, he basically gets time when they go riding together, they go walking together, and he tells her really all kinds of things that she's been sheltered from. He talks about her uncores, who her mother has never wanted to know about, the Hannah Variance, and says all kinds of things that Victoria sees as wilders shocking. He says, oh, well, Henry VIII, those wives did bother him so, so Victoria's quite shocked by that. And Lord M is the man who is giving Victoria the tuition in constitutional monarchy that she has not had, because her mother refused to let her come to court.

So she and Lord M create this very marvelous friendship, but the problem is that Victoria is totally still subject to what is going on in her mother's household. And all this, which is ahead, when her mother has a lady in waiting, who is very close friends with John Conroy, and the gossip is that John Conroy and this lady in wasting, Lady Flora Hastings, come back together from the break, from the holiday, come back together in a coach, which is, you can't stare a coach with a man, if you're not married to him, ETC, ETC. And then, Lady Flora, this lady, she starts swelling, her stomach starts swelling. So everyone says she's pregnant. And Victoria says the way she must be examined, and the doctors examine her, but can't say either way whether she's pregnant or not. So this is the world before scams. And actually tragically, Lady Flora is not pregnant by John Conroy or anything or pregnant by anyone.

She's got a tumor, she's swelling because she's got cancer. And these, obviously doctors, I got no clue what was going on. So she dies this miserable death. And when she dies, the family are furious, because they say, you know, why did Victoria subject her to a medical investigation? And they are, really, this is, blows up into a gigantic scandal, that Victoria, who's just, you know, when she came to the throne, and it was like, she's marvellous, she's young, it's an innocent girl. Now she's being attacked for really being so cool to Lady Flora. And you might say, well, I mean, Victoria is pretty sheltered. She's got no clue what pregnancy really is. What were the doctors doing? What was little Melbourne doing? Someone should have gone in and taken a hold of everything that was going on. But Victoria was so convinced that John Conroy, with good reason, was the bad guy, and had impregnated a lady and waiting and was causing scandal in her court. So there's this disaster. Another disaster is that when Lord Melbourne loses a vote in Parliament, Lord Melbourne loses a vote,

Victoria is heartbroken that he might leave. She can't bear it. And Peale, what Peale? It's the leader of the opposition. That's right. He's supposed to form a government. And what happens next is, Peale says he can't form a government because Victoria won't change her ladies in waiting because Victoria is close circle of ladies in waiting. Are Wig, Lord Melbourne, proud? Yeah, it does seem quite extraordinary. The government can't take shape because of the Queen's ladies in waiting. But as you say at the time, it's very significant because all the ladies in waiting around the Queen are Wigs, they're the sort of the grand liberals, if you like. And the Melbourne's a Wig. Well, Buns a Wig. So Peale, not unreasonably, says, you need to have a clear out of those ladies in waiting because they all hate my lot. I want ladies in waiting who are more of my persuasion. Queen says, no. So Peale says, right, I'm not going to be Prime Minister. I mean, it's extraordinary. I mean, it wouldn't happen today. But what happens is that Victoria is seen as unconstitutional

and stood at very little, vindictive, vengeful, and all the things. And really rather unpredictable. And the only way Lord Melbourne has told her this, the only way to get your mother out of the palace is to get married. And there ain't going to be any virgin Queen for Victoria. She's got to get married. And that is her way of living independently. And luckily, there's a candidate right in front of her. There's someone who she, rather fancies. And she first met him, actually, didn't she, in 1836, say before she became Queen, he first appeared on the radar. He just visited. Well, he's been being pushed at her since she was a teenager because this is once more her mother's attempt to control her. So William IV wanted her to marry one of the Dutch princes of Orange. And her mother wants her to marry, basically, her relations. These are the relations of our man, Prince Leopold.

So Albert is being pushed forth as a potential husband. And when she first met him, she wasn't overly impressed because he fell asleep in his plate at the ball. And he wasn't really up to the wild, non-stop bounds of entertainment and business that the court took. And she wasn't really that bothered by him. So quite a lot of his hand-cate. I mean, 1836, she meets Albert. But then the next year she becomes Queen, 1838. She has a coronation. She's had all these political rouse. Then Albert comes back again. And that's when she starts to think, really, he might be the one as well. Well, she invites him back because she knows that she has to marry. Number one, to get mother out of the palace. Number two, because this is what society expects. You cannot be unmarried. That's going to cause chaos, imagine that unmarried woman on the throne being independent with her own money and everything. So Victoria knows she has to get married.

So she invites Albert to come to visit. And Albert comes over with his brother, his elder brother, Prince Ernst. And apparently it's a terrible crossing. They have faces like wax candles. They both feel it's sick, very sick, sick as parrots. But Victoria said, when she sees him, she says, I beheld Albert, who is beautiful. Well, I think at that point, I think we know where that's going. That's all we have time for this week. So join us for our next episode when we get on to the eternal tale of Victoria and Albert, and always children. And the Victorians. So for me, Robert Harbin. And me, Kate Williams. Good boy. Good bye.

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