Iván Kardashev

Russian astrophysicist and futurist

Iván Kardashev was a Soviet astrophysicist who proposed a method to measure a civilization's level of technological advancement based on its energy consumption. He is best known for his Kardashev scale, which categorizes civilizations into types based on their energy usage. Kardashev was born in 1930 in the Soviet Union and passed away in 2000. He made significant contributions to the field of astrophysics and was a...