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預期效應(expectation effect)指的是動物和人類的行為不是受他們行為的直接結果的影響，而是受他們預期行為將會帶來什麼結果所支配。
預期效應是學習的最基本機制，當我們看到外在的事物與預期的效應不同時，就會去調整內在的機制，而這就是學習。
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