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正月十五本来就称元宵，元是首，宵本来就是夜，通宵达旦，很明确的意思。元宵是新年第一个月圆夜，按说只是新年新月诞生，可又称上元节。上元是古历之名，指日月五星皆会于子，是历始，就天地人关系而言，要比新年第一天“元正”重要得多，这也是元宵节成为过年高潮的真正原因。
按《史记·天官书》的记载，这一天的习俗为“望日”，要从天黑祭祀太一到天亮，万民同祀。古人认为，太一是形成天地的元气，是至高无上的，有天地才有阴阳、四季，“上元”的名称就来自此。
元宵灯会，是烛光祭祀守夜发展的结果，万民同祀演变成万民同庆，灯会就变成民俗中最早的狂欢节。
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