社论丨美伊谅解备忘录不应化为泡影

Just weeks after signing a memorandum of understanding on an interim deal to halt their conflict, the United States and Iran are embroiled in intense confrontation, casting a dark shadow over the region's stability and the security of global energy supplies.

就在签署关于停火临时协议的谅解备忘录仅数周后，美国和伊朗便陷入激烈对抗，给地区稳定和全球能源供应安全蒙上了阴影。

The current escalation is marked by a series of devastating attacks. The US has launched multiple rounds of air strikes against Iranian military sites, claiming they are necessary to "degrade Iran's ability to threaten commercial shipping" in the Strait of Hormuz. US President Donald Trump has threatened to target Iran's power stations and bridges.
当前的局势升级以一系列破坏性袭击为标志。美国对伊朗军事目标发动了多轮空袭，声称这是“削弱伊朗在霍尔木兹海峡威胁商业航运能力”的必要举措。美国总统唐纳德·特朗普还威胁要攻击伊朗的发电站和桥梁。

This military confrontation has effectively nullified the recently signed MoU. On Saturday, Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister for Legal and International Affairs Kazem Gharibabadi declared that Iran has ceased fulfilling its obligations under the agreement, as Washington has violated its commitments.
这场军事对抗实际上已使近期签署的谅解备忘录失效。上周六，伊朗负责法律和国际事务的副外长卡泽姆·加里巴巴迪宣布，由于华盛顿方面违反承诺，伊朗已停止履行该协议下的义务。

Iran's Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei also said the US' violation of the MoU proves the US leader's signature is worthless and invalid, highlighting the profound breakdown in trust.
伊朗最高领袖莫杰塔巴·哈梅内伊也表示，美国违反备忘录的行为证明美国领导人的签名毫无价值和效力，凸显了信任的彻底破裂。

The diplomatic path, which offered a glimmer of hope, now appears completely blocked. Central to this conflict is the strategic Strait of Hormuz. The escalation of tensions has already led to a sharp slump in shipping through the strait, sending shock waves through global energy markets again.
曾带来一线希望的外交路径如今似乎已完全堵塞。这场冲突的核心是战略要地霍尔木兹海峡。紧张局势升级已导致海峡航运量急剧下滑，再次冲击全球能源市场。

The safety of this international shipping lane, vital to the global economy, must not be held hostage as a bargaining chip in this dangerous geopolitical game. Using the Strait of Hormuz as a tool for leverage is a reckless gamble with global stability. The two parties concerned should exercise restraint and de-escalate the situation.
这条对全球经济至关重要的国际航运通道的安全，绝不能在这场危险的地缘政治博弈中被当作讨价还价的筹码。将霍尔木兹海峡作为施压工具，是对全球稳定的一场鲁莽赌博。有关各方应保持克制，推动局势降温。

Regrettably, the MoU at the moment is effectively defunct as the basic preconditions for its implementation no longer exist. Its first article required both sides to cease fire completely and restrain their allies, forming the basis for the next phase of negotiations.
遗憾的是，由于实施备忘录的基本前提已不复存在，该备忘录目前实际上已形同虚设。其第一条要求双方全面停火并约束各自盟友，为下一阶段谈判奠定基础。

Not only has Israel continued to take military actions in Lebanon, but also the US and Iran have engaged in conflict again. Under the MoU, the US had previously agreed to lift the oil export embargo on Iran and unfreeze Iranian assets, but these promises have now been revoked by the US.
以色列不仅继续在黎巴嫩采取军事行动，美国和伊朗也再次陷入冲突。根据备忘录，美国此前曾同意解除对伊朗的石油出口禁运并解冻伊朗资产，但这些承诺如今已被美方撤销。

Much of the current situation stems from the inherent fragility of the MoU itself. The first article regarding the ceasefire was negotiated between the US and Iran without involving Israel. The reconciliation between the US and Iran has therefore always been at risk of being sabotaged by Israel.
当前局势在很大程度上源于备忘录本身的固有脆弱性。关于停火的第一条是由美国和伊朗谈判达成的，并未让以色列参与。因此，美伊和解始终面临被以色列破坏的风险。

Having neither sought nor signed the MoU, Israel is under no obligation to honor it — and Washington knows it. So it comes as no surprise that US Vice-President JD Vance has criticized Israel for resorting to a range of tactics, including lobbying to shape public perceptions in the US, all aimed at prolonging the US' conflict with Iran.
以色列既未谋求也未签署该备忘录，因此没有义务遵守其规定——华盛顿对此心知肚明。因此，美国副总统JD·万斯批评以色列采取包括游说以塑造美国公众舆论在内的各种手段，旨在延长美国与伊朗的冲突，也就不足为奇了。

Nor does the MoU offer any clarity on the Strait of Hormuz — its provisions are so loosely drawn that each side can claim victory. Iran asserts the document affirms its control; the US insists it means no such thing. The gap between their readings is not a misunderstanding — it has been a crisis waiting to happen.
备忘录对霍尔木兹海峡问题也未作出明确规定——其条款措辞如此含糊，以至于双方都可以宣称胜利。伊朗声称该文件确认了其控制权；美国则坚称绝非如此。双方解读的差距并非误解，而是一场注定要发生的危机。

The prevailing trajectory of retaliation serves the interests of no party, except those whose strategic calculations depend on the perpetuation of hostilities. Washington may think that military force can coerce Iran into submission. But that belief was proved wrong soon after the conflict started on Feb 28. Each round of US attacks on Iran, aimed at appeasing hard-liners at home, only escalates the cycle of violence rather than resolving it, and deepens US entanglement in the Middle Eastern quagmire.
当前的报复性螺旋对任何一方都没有好处，除了那些战略算计依赖于敌对状态持续的力量。华盛顿或许认为武力可以迫使伊朗屈服。但这一信念在2月28日冲突开始后不久就被证明是错误的。美国对伊朗的每一轮攻击，虽旨在安抚国内强硬派，却只会加剧暴力循环而非解决问题，并使美国更深地陷入中东泥潭。

A return to the negotiating table is the only viable solution. The MoU was a hard-won achievement that should be cherished and protected. China, along with other nations such as Pakistan, has called on both parties to immediately cease hostilities, overcome difficulties and restart dialogue to reach a comprehensive peace agreement.
重返谈判桌是唯一可行的解决方案。这份备忘录是来之不易的成果，应当珍惜和维护。中国与巴基斯坦等国一道，呼吁双方立即停止敌对行动，克服困难，重启对话，达成全面和平协议。

The longer this conflict course is pursued, the more it chips away at the already-frail trust that emerged from those first talks. And as that trust crumbles, so too does any hope of a graceful way out. The US and Iran must prioritize regional peace and the security of critical shipping waterways, return to the spirit of the MoU, and prove that their signatures are still credible.
冲突持续越久，最初谈判中已十分脆弱的信任就越被侵蚀。随着信任瓦解，任何体面退出的希望也随之消散。美国和伊朗必须将地区和平与重要航运通道安全置于首位，回归备忘录的精神，证明他们的签名仍然可信。

unfreeze assets /ʌnˈfriːz ˈæsets/解冻资产

revoked /rɪˈvəʊkt/撤销

inherent fragility /ɪnˈherənt frəˈdʒɪləti/固有脆弱性

reconciliation /ˌrekənsɪliˈeɪʃən/和解

loosely drawn /ˈluːsli drɔːn/措辞含糊的

trajectory of retaliation /trəˈdʒektəri əv rɪˌtæliˈeɪʃən/报复性螺旋

coerce /kəʊˈɜːs/胁迫