Iran's Power Structure is Complex

Hawk breaks down the structure of Iran's government following the United States and Israeli military strikes that killed Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who held power since 1989. With American service members already killed and more strikes expected over the coming days and weeks, Hawk walks through how Iran's theocratic government actually works and why the death of the Supreme Leader is so significant.

Iran's Supreme Leader holds authority that goes far beyond any elected official. He is commander-in-chief of all armed forces, controls intelligence and national security, can declare war or peace without any vote, and appoints key members of the judiciary and the Council of Guardians. The Council of Guardians, none of whom are elected, determines who is even allowed to run for office in Iran's so-called democratic elections. In the 1997 presidential election, only 4 of 230 declared candidates made it onto the ballot.

The Iranian president, while second in power, has authority trimmed by a constitution that subordinates the entire executive branch to the Supreme Leader. Iran is the only country in the world where the executive branch does not control its own military.

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, the IRGC, with 125,000 troops, was built to protect the Islamic Revolution itself and operates with significant autonomy, drawing weapons from China, North Korea, and Russia. Both Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin have voiced support for Iran and condemned the US attack. Only two Supreme Leaders have existed since the 1979 Islamic Revolution. The United States just killed the second.

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