第3145期:Polio eradication still faces challenges

At one time polio paralyzed hundreds of thousands of children every year.

曾经，小儿麻痹症每年都会使数十万儿童瘫痪。

In Africa alone, it afflicted 75,000 children annually. That's no longer the case.

仅在非洲，每年就有7.5万名儿童受此折磨。现在情况已经不一样了。

We have just achieved a major milestone in global polio eradication, with the certification of the African region as well polio virus free.

我们刚刚在全球根除小儿麻痹症方面实现了一个重大里程碑，非洲地区被认证为无野生脊髓灰质炎病毒。

A vaccine ended polio in the developed world more than 50 years ago.

50多年前，一种疫苗结束了发达国家的小儿麻痹症。

In 1988, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative decided to end polio in developing countries.

1988年，全球根除小儿麻痹症倡议决定在发展中国家消除小儿麻痹症。

It's taken a lot of work: countless volunteers, global leadership, local leadership and the backing of many donors.

这需要付出大量的努力：无数志愿者、全球领导力、地方领导力以及众多捐助者的支持。

But now the wild polio virus exists only in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

但是现在小儿麻痹症病毒只存在于阿富汗和巴基斯坦。

In both countries, there has been a resurgence of the virus in recent years.

近年来，这两个国家的病毒都死灰复燃。

In Pakistan, people displaced by violence and conflict have resettled in communities with poor health services and sanitation.

在巴基斯坦，因暴力和冲突而流离失所的人们在卫生服务和环境卫生条件较差的社区重新定居。

Polio virus is very unforgiving in these communities. You know, they're densely settled. They're, you know, poor sanitation and hygiene.

小儿麻痹症病毒在这些社区里非常肆虐。这些地方人口密集，而且卫生条件和个人卫生习惯都很差。

The conditions are very favorable for polio virus transmission to thrive, to be really entrenched there.

这些条件非常有利于小儿麻痹症病毒传播扩散，使其真正在那里扎根。

Jafari says the eradication program is now helping these communities meet more of their health needs like access to clean water.

贾法里说，根除小儿麻痹症的倡议现在正在帮助这些社区满足更多的卫生需求，例如获得清洁水源。

In Afghanistan, the Taliban doesn't allow mass inoculations or house-to-houseimmunizations.

在阿富汗，塔利班不允许大规模接种疫苗或挨家挨户接种。

If you don't do house-to-house campaigns, can you perhaps carry outimmunizationcampaigns in smallimmunizationcenters?

如果你不进行挨家挨户接种，是否可以在小型免疫中心开展免疫接种活动？

Many smallimmunizationcenters in a particular community, so that families don't have to travel very far to have their children immunized.

在某个特定社区设立许多小型免疫接种中心，这样家庭就不必长途跋涉带孩子去接种疫苗了。

So we're trying to be creative, and looking at ways to move our polio eradication efforts forward in those two remaining endemic countries.

我们要发挥创造力，并研究如何推动我们在剩下的两个小儿麻痹症盛行的国家根除小儿麻痹症。

Because of the coronavirus pandemic, vaccinators in all countries wear masks and gloves.

由于新冠疫情，各国的疫苗接种人员都佩戴口罩和手套。

Global polio eradication is close and the milestones are significant, but unless the disease is wiped out in Afghanistan and Pakistan, it could once again circulate globally. [解析]

全球根除小儿麻痹症已接近尾声，且取得了重大里程碑进展，但除非该疾病在阿富汗和巴基斯坦被彻底消灭，否则它可能再次在全球范围内传播。