英语新闻丨美国依据301调查结果加征新关税

The United States will impose tariffs of 10 to 12.5 percent on imported goods from 60 economies starting on Friday, citing Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, the Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) said Thursday.

美国贸易代表办公室7月23日宣布，依据《1974年贸易法》第301条，美国将从周五起对来自60个经济体的进口商品加征10%至12.5%的关税。

The new trade measures are scheduled to take effect just as temporary 10 percent worldwide tariffs expire at 12:01 am Friday. The administration of US President Donald Trump had turned to those temporary levies after the Supreme Court struck down his broader tariff initiatives in February.
新贸易措施将紧随7月24日凌晨12:01到期的10%全球临时关税之后生效。今年2月，美国最高法院否决了特朗普总统更广泛的关税计划，随后特朗普政府采用了这些临时性关税措施。

By utilizing Section 301, the administration is tapping into a more durable legal mechanism that permits Trump to impose import taxes and other sanctions against countries found to engage in trade practices deemed "unjustifiable, unreasonable, or discriminatory," according to a USTR press release.
美国贸易代表办公室在一份新闻稿中表示，通过援引第301条，美国政府正在启用一个更持久的法律机制，该机制允许特朗普对被认定存在“不公正、不合理或歧视性”贸易行为的国家征收进口税及其他制裁措施。

The USTR justified the latest levies by pointing to international labor standards.
美国贸易代表办公室以国际劳工标准为依据，为此次加征关税进行辩护。

"The United States has had a forced labor import ban for nearly a century, and rigorously enforces it; it's well past time for our trading partners to do the same," US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer was quoted as saying in the release. "Today's action will begin to correct what is both a human rights abuse and distortive trade practice to improve the welfare of workers everywhere."
美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔在新闻稿中表示：“美国实施禁止进口强迫劳动产品的禁令已有近一个世纪，并严格执行；我们的贸易伙伴是时候采取同样做法了。今天的行动将开始纠正这一既侵犯人权又扭曲贸易的做法，从而改善各地工人的福祉。”

The USTR determined that a 10 percent duty rate will be applied to investigated economies that either impose a forced labor import prohibition, have committed to enforcing such a prohibition through an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade, or have imposed a partial regime to prevent the importation of certain forced labor goods.
美国贸易代表办公室决定，对符合以下条件的被调查经济体适用10%的关税税率：已实施禁止进口强迫劳动产品的禁令；已承诺通过《对等贸易协议》执行此类禁令；或已建立部分制度以防止特定强迫劳动产品的进口。

The economies include Argentina, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Canada, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, and the United Kingdom, according to the release.
据新闻稿，这些经济体包括阿根廷、孟加拉国、柬埔寨、加拿大、厄瓜多尔、萨尔瓦多、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、印度、印度尼西亚、约旦、马来西亚、墨西哥、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、特立尼达和多巴哥以及英国。

A variable rate of 10 or 12.5 percent, net of the Most-Favored-Nation rate, will apply to certain non-exempted products from economies including the European Union, Japan, South Korea and Switzerland. Meanwhile, a 12.5 percent duty will be imposed on all other investigated economies.
对欧盟、日本、韩国和瑞士等经济体的某些非豁免产品，将适用10%或12.5%的浮动税率（在最惠国税率基础上加征）。同时，对所有其他被调查经济体将征收12.5%的关税。

Notably, the Trump administration also provides exemptions for certain products, such as those that could lead to domestic supply crunch or economy-wide disruption, and products that cannot be grown or produced in the United States in sufficient quantities or at reasonable prices.
值得注意的是，特朗普政府还对某些产品提供了豁免，例如可能导致国内供应紧张或经济全面中断的产品，以及无法在美国以充足数量或合理价格种植或生产的产品。

In March, the USTR launched a separate, ongoing probe into whether 16 countries, which collectively account for around 70 percent of US imports, have overproduced goods, thereby pushing down global prices and placing US companies at a competitive disadvantage.
今年3月，美国贸易代表办公室启动了一项单独的、仍在进行的调查，调查16个国家是否因产能过剩导致全球价格下跌，使美国企业处于竞争劣势。这些国家合计占美国进口总额的约70%。

Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) /ˈɒfɪs əv ðə juː ɛs treɪd ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/美国贸易代表办公室

levies /ˈleviz/征税，关税

durable legal mechanism /ˈdjʊərəbəl ˈliːɡəl ˈmekənɪzəm/持久的法律机制

sanctions /ˈsæŋkʃənz/制裁

unjustifiable /ʌnˈdʒʌstɪfaɪəbəl/不合理的