US: 'achievable objectives' in Iran in four to six weeks

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1:10I'm Alex Richardson, and in the early hours of Saturday, the 7th of March, these are our main stories. The White House says that its objectives in Iran could be achieved in four to six weeks. Israel continues to bombard Lebanon, saying it's targeting Iran's ally Hezbollah. It's ordered hundreds of thousands of people to leave their homes ahead of an anticipated ground incursion. And we take a look at the global economic impact of the war in the Middle East. Also, in this podcast, armed robots take to the battlefield in the Ukraine war and at a church in Chicago. We are now one week into the U.S. and Israel's war with Iran,

2:12and if President Trump is to be believed, the military campaign has been an overwhelming achievement. Somebody said, how would you score it from zero to ten? I said, I'd give it a 12 to a 15. Their army is gone there. Just about. Look, the Navy is gone. Their communications are gone. Their leaders are gone. Two sets of their leaders are gone. They're down to their third set. Their row forces wiped out entirely. Think of it. They have 32 ships, all 32 are at the bottom of the ocean. Other than that, they're doing very well, coach. Mr. Trump, speaking at the White House on Friday, was holding a conference on college sports in the United States. While his press secretary, Caroline Levit, updated reporters on the war. She told them that for the U.S. to meet its achievable objectives, this would take four to six weeks. But Ms. Levit didn't say what these were. Throughout the week, the U.S. and Israel proclaimed that thousands of what they claim were targets in Iran.

3:17Have been destroyed. Assessing the true scale of the damage to Iran's military and security apparatus is hard to assess because it's rare for foreign journalists to report freely inside the country. There's no doubt, though, that the existence of the Islamic Republic is under threat. And President Trump has now demanded Tehran's unconditional surrender. Iran's deputy foreign minister, Said Katib Zeda, said that his country remained defined. We have no option just to resist to the last bullet that we do have and to the last soldier that we do have. This is a very heroic, very nationalistic battle. Iran is continuing to fire missiles and drones at Gulf countries where the U.S. has military bases. Many of these are continuing to be intercepted. In the past few hours, the Defense Ministry in Saudi Arabia said that a ballistic missile launched towards Prince Sultan Air Base was destroyed. For more on what the Trump administration has been saying, I spoke to our Washington correspondent, Simee Jollaso.

4:21We have an idea of what the ultimate objective is of this military campaign against Iran. President Trump said on truth social that there will be no deal with Iran except in, quote, unconditional surrender. When asked what he means by unconditional surrender, the White House Secretary Caroline Levitt said that when Mr. Trump determines that Iran no longer poses a threat to the United States and that the operations goals are realized, that's when Iran will essentially be in a place of surrender. When asked what these objectives could be, she did list destroying Iran's navy. She says that the U.S. has already sunk over 30 ships. She spoke about taking out Iran's ballistic missiles and said that they've already seen a 90% reduction in ballistic missile retaliatory strikes from Iran. She spoke about Iran never obtaining a nuclear weapon. And also, she spoke about weakening proxies in the region.

5:23Are we going to the war? What are Americans making of it? Well, public opinion on this war is very mixed. We've seen rallies outside the White House one thanking President Trump for the military action against Iran and others calling for an end to the war. We saw one as recently as Thursday. There have been pro Trump rallies in Boston and stop the war rallies in New York. A new PBS poll found that 56% of Americans oppose military action in Iran. A CBS poll earlier this week found that 45% of Americans or respondents found that U.S. action against Iran will make the U.S. feel less safe. But one thing's been clear from the American public that they don't want another endless war in the Middle East. This is something that President Trump himself campaigned against. They don't want to see another loss, more loss of American lives. And people here don't fully understand what the imminent threat from Iran was.

6:24And I think that messaging from the Trump administration hasn't been so clear, especially now that Ayatollah Hamane is dead. The big question is how long will this military campaign last? Briefly, Mr. Trump has been talking to leading U.S. arms manufacturers. Yes, he has the White House met defense industry executives to discuss weapons production. He said that they've agreed to quadruple the production of exquisite class weaponry and says that America has an unlimited supply of medium-grade munitions, which is currently being used in Iran and was used in Venezuela. Simi Jollah Oso in Washington. Explosions have been heard in Tehran overnight after Israel said that it had launched a broad scale wave of strikes on Iranian targets. As I mentioned earlier, getting access inside Iran is difficult, but journalists at BBC Persian have been working tirelessly to find out how people there are coping. They've made contact with Iranians whose messages have been spoken by actors

7:28as you're about to hear in this report from our Chief International Correspondent, Liste Zed. Tonight in the last light of dusk, the dark rises in Tehran. The mass of explosions which multiply as this war enters its second week. By day, more disbelief, towers of smoke blot the sky. A new phase in the conflict, that's how the countries firing these missiles, Israel and America have described this moment. All of Iran is in their sights. In the southern city of Shiraz, buildings were flattened. Emergency teams, including the Red Crescent Society, responded in the dead of night. In the north, their own headquarters in the city of Mahabad was reduced to rubble.

8:30The clearing and cleanup have started. Israeli and American bombers now control the skies. They say they've already destroyed 60% of Iran's missiles, sank 24 ships, but their strikes are also smashing into everyday lives. Some residents of Tehran sent us messages through the BBC's Persian service. The house was shaking for five minutes straight. Last night was the worst night. No, I'm not okay. I barely slept last night because of the constant explosions. It was terrible. They were hitting so hard that all the windows were shaking. I woke up at around 4 a.m. from the noise. I could hear the flights jets early in the morning. After Friday prayers, the government's supporters brave the bombs in a show of defiance. President Trump is calling for their leaders unconditional surrender. They're telling him our fight goes on.

9:30Least you said, the war dead aren't only in Iran, more than 1,300 people, according to the Red Crescent there, but also in Lebanon, where Israel is fighting on a second front against the Iranian-backed group Hezbollah. The Lebanese health ministry said that more than 200 people have been killed in Israeli air strikes this week, while the Norwegian refugee council has estimated that 300,000 people have fled their homes. In some suburbs of South Beirut, a Hezbollah stronghold, Israel issued evacuation notices where a Davis sent this report. Along the Kornish are several families who've been displaced have decided to camp here, including this family of 12 people. They've got a couple of tents, a couple of chairs. Akeet, Khan, Khatar, Agbir, it was very dangerous. 12 of us came in small cars that can't even fit 8 people. We arrived at dawn while we were fasting. We came in our pajamas. We slept on the ground

10:38here. The head of the family is a man called Adel. He told me why they're sleeping here on the streets. There's no room in the schools or the shelters for them, they say. Every shelter we go to tells us there are no spots left, no space. They tell us to wait until new places open up or try another city, but there's no safety anywhere. Israel hasn't left any space safe. What sort of welcome if you had it? Many people here in Beirut, they blame the resistance, they blame Hizbullah for what is happening now. Everyone is blaming Hizbullah, but no one was blaming Israel when they broke the ceasefire for a year and a half. The world is blaming the victim and not the killer. It was clear, even here as we're speaking to some of these internally displaced people, there are tensions in Lebanon. A man has just come up and is debating, disputing what Adel is saying, blaming Israel for everything he says, and it shows just some of the tensions that still remain in Lebanon's society.

11:39There are dozens of families, people of all ages, who've been evacuated from Dahia, from southern Beirut. What you find is that the older people are still loyal to Hizbullah, they blame the Israelis, they blame the Americans for everything, but younger people, including one 14-year-old girl we've been speaking to, is perhaps more pragmatic. I'm Dunya Hizbullah, I'm 14 and I'm from Hadas. Lebanon is honestly such a beautiful place, so it's really sad to see this happening. When did you leave Dahia, and what has it been like trying to find somewhere to get shelter and food? Well, we left Dahia at 3 p.m., like right when they sounded like they sent us notifications to like evacuate, the area immediately. So where did you sleep? We didn't sleep, we couldn't sleep out of fear, we were just seeing the news just to check on our homes. And who do you and your family blame for

12:42all of this? Some people are blaming the resistance, some people are blaming Israel. We think that Hizbullah, like it's way too early for another war, since last year we've had another war. I think it's way too early for Lebanon right now to have like another war, and we're not ready enough. So I feel like them acting on Israel is kind of their problem as well. Oh, we just had another big earthquake right in front of us. It's right in the heart of Sudden Bayroot, the entire area, of course, is now under an Israeli evacuation order. There have been S-Rikes throughout the day and throughout the night. Thousands of people have already left, and with bombing in the south and in eastern Bekhov Ali, it's impossible to describe anywhere in Lebanon really as completely safe. We're at Avis in Lebanon. The conflict in the Middle East is also causing economic pain around the world. Stock markets have been volatile, and oil prices are up 30% since the war

13:46began with the benchmark Brent Crude hitting a two-year high. Qatar has warned it could double from the pre-war price and bring down the global economy. Not sure if it's in the US are already paying higher prices at the pump, and businesses everywhere face higher energy costs. Our economics editor, Faisal Islam, has this assessment. The economic dimension of this conflict is threatening to hit countries in new ways. Qatar's energy minister, Sad Al-Karbi, has warned that all energy exporters in the Gulf will have to cease exports in days in line with what his country has done as the world's biggest gas exporter. The oil price shut up after he predicted it could go up a further 75% to $150 a barrel, something which he said would bring down the economies of the world, talking here it seems about the impact on GDP. In his interview with the financial times, the minister said, even if the war stopped now, it could take Qatar weeks to months to get back to normal production. Only one or two ships are risking transit through the key global artery

14:49of the Straits of Hormuz, just a few miles from the Iranian coastline. Other refined products, such as jet fuels, significantly supplied from Gulf processing sites, are seeing a near doubling of prices and question marks about supply. James Noel Bezik from the market intelligence firm Sparta Commodities said it could be bad news for airlines. I think we're weeks away from maybe flight cancellations or delays due to lack of jet fuel rather than months. Jet just logistically is very hard to store in large amounts, so we'll be getting very, very close to emergency points really. Stock markets continued therefore, so most concern was centered on markets for government borrowing. Expectations are now for fewer or no further interest rate cuts, even rises in some places, as central banks prime themselves to fight off a wave of inflation repressures. While this is not a full-blown energy crisis just yet, the markets are saying the chances are increasing by the day. Faisal Islam.

15:54Still to come in this podcast, Donald Trump says Cuba will fall pretty soon and is ready for a new leader. And if you ask anyone what Alzheimer's is, the most likely answer you'll get is that Alzheimer's is a brain disease. A new study into Alzheimer's disease suggests that information in parts of the body could trigger the condition many years before signs appear in the brain. With its abundant natural beauty, charming towns and friendly people, South Carolina offers the kind of discoveries that stay with you long after you've left. Like the realization you're good at something you'd never before tried. Or your first oyster roast, and a taste you didn't expect to love. And other times, it just hits. Like the view on a wind-swept apple latch in mount top. So come find the undiscovered you in South Carolina. Visit DiscoverSouthCareLine.com.

16:57Decisions made in Washington can affect your portfolio every day, but what policy changes should investors be watching? Listen to Washington-wise, an original podcast for investors from Charles Schwab to hear the stories making news in Washington right now. Post Mike Townsend, Charles Schwab's managing director for legislative and regulatory affairs, takes a non-partisan look at the stories that matter most to investors, including policy initiatives for retirement savings, taxes and trade, inflation concerns, the Federal Reserve and how regulatory developments can affect companies, sectors and even the entire market. Mike and his guests offer their perspective on how policy changes could affect what you do with your portfolio. Download the latest episode and follow at Schwab.com slash Washington-wise. Or wherever you listen. How does a global automaker actually make AI work at scale? I'm Ashwin Patil, host of Resilient Edge, a business vitality podcast

17:58paid and presented by Deloitte. Discover how Deloitte, AWS and Toyota reduced manual effort and reshaped supply chain operations across the business, available now, wherever you listen to podcasts. This is the Global News Podcast. In Ukraine, advances in technology mean that autonomous fighting machines are playing an increasingly important role in the war with Russia. After drones in the air and at sea, more and more ground-based combat robots are being deployed, entirely Shevchenko reports. On crude ground vehicles or UGVs have already been used in attacks, defensive operations and even in taking prisoners. They have been equipped with machine guns and grenade launchers and they've been used to plant and clear landmines and barbed wire. Kamikaze UGVs blow up enemy positions. Both Ukrainians and Russians are using such

19:01killer machines. Here's Oleksandr Affanisiv from the Ukrainian Army's K2 brigade. Robot wars are already happening. A UGV can open fire on a battlefield where an infantryman would be afraid to turn up, but it's happy to risk its existence. There have been reports of armed Ukrainian UGVs ambushing a Russian personnel carrier and defending a Ukrainian position for weeks. In most battles, however, such killer robots are remote controlled rather than fully autonomous. Here's the deputy commander of the Ukrainian 33rd Brigades tank battalion that goes by the coal sign of Han. Modern UGVs are part autonomous. They can move on their own, they can observe and detect the enemy, but still the decision to open fire is made by a human, their operator. As things stand at the moment, fully autonomous fighting systems aren't standard. Why not? Because of ethics and

20:06international humanitarian law. Robots can misidentify or attack a civilian. That's why the final decision must be made by an operator. Russia has also been developing combat UGVs. According to media reports, they can be equipped with a flame-thrower, a heavy machine gun, newly found on tanks, and they can run autonomously for five hours. Yuriy Puritsky, the CEO of Ukrainian UGV manufacturer Dev Droid, says that it's a matter of time before Ukrainian and Russian killer robots clash. Sooner or later, we'll end up in a situation where our strike UGV will come up against their strike UGV on the battlefield. The robot wars may sound like science fiction, but there's nothing so far about the battlefield. It's our reality. Right now, most uncrewed ground vehicles are used for delivering supplies and evacuating the wounded. But experts say that before

21:09too long, AI-powered swarms of robots will be able to attack from the air, ground, and sea. Vitaly Shevchenko, it was back in January that US troops forcibly removed the Venezuelan leader Nicholas Maduro from power. This week, President Trump has suggested that Cuba might be next on his administration's agenda, saying it was just a question of time before there would be a change of leadership on the island. There have even been suggestions from within the White House that US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, whose parents were born in Cuba, could be put in charge of the island. The comments come as residents there and their breaking point is a worsening fuel shortage in part due to the ongoing US full blockade disrupts daily life. President Miguel Diaz Canal says the measure is putting a heavy toll on the Caribbean nation, compounding existing economic hardships. This man describes the impact the fuel shortage is having on life in the capital

22:10Havana. Every day is the same, the same hunger, the same misery, the same everything. Practically everyone is cooking with firewood. I have a daughter that sits in the morning, they cut off the electricity. I can't make her a proper breakfast because the bread has to be toasted. I have children. The guy over there has children. If he doesn't have enough to feed his child, he'll rub me. The BBC's will grant was in the country recently. He considers how likely Donald Trump's prediction is. They say that they are in combat day being the Trump administration in conversations with the upper echelons of the human government. That can only really mean Raul Castro. He, even at 94, is the only one who makes the decision on something like talking to the Americans. But it won't be him. It's rumored to be his grandson, Raul Rodriguez Castro, known as El Kangréjo on the island. He's never been someone who's particularly been considered an important political figure or any negotiating tactics, but he seems to be the trusted person

23:11for Raul Castro. They have already made small steps towards trying to get ready for some kind of change, I think, which is that they are beginning to allow the importing of fuel by private businesses for the use of their businesses. But it's just a tiny fraction of what's needed. I went twice to Cuba each time for a week since the turn of this year, and that's about a month in between them. It's significantly worse on the second time than the first, and that I think will be ultimately the thing that forces the government's hands. We'll grant. For more than a century, it has been thought that Alzheimer's disease originates in the brain. But a new study suggests the condition may first be triggered by inflammation in other parts of the body, such as the skin, lungs, or gut. Perhaps decades before a person's memory starts to decline, it could lead to new ways of preventing and treating the condition. Richard Hamilton has the details. Alzheimer's disease was first identified back in 1906 by the German psychiatrist,

24:13Dr. Alois Alzheimer. Since then, it's been assumed to be a brain disease, but this new research is turning that assumption on its head. A team from the Novo Nordisk Foundation in Denmark studied genetic data from more than 85,000 people with the condition. They also examined a thousand genes with variants that are thought to increase the risk of getting the disease. To their surprise, these seem to show up far less in the brain than in other parts of the body, such as the skin, lungs, and the gut. It's always been considered to be exclusively of the brain, so if you ask anyone what Alzheimer's is, the most likely answer you'll get is that Alzheimer's is a brain disease. The research was led by Seiza Kunia. What we have found is that despite the pathology of Alzheimer's disease being in the brain, it does not mean that the reason for that pathology

25:15being in the brain actually comes from within the central nervous system or within the brain. The genetic risk of Alzheimer's is actually acting in different parts of the body, because there's a lot of evidence coming up that peripheral biology and peripheral factors are actually driving a lot of brain biology and brain mechanisms that could lead down the line to a 12-hour disease. Seiza Kunia's team found that most of these gene variants occurred between the ages of 55 and 60, suggesting that inflammation at this age range is most likely to lead to Alzheimer's later on in life. And because it was always thought that the disease was caused by a build-up of proteins in the brain, drugs were developed to try to clear these proteins, but they have had limited success. Donna Wilcock from Indiana University is the editor of the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. I think it opens up some new potential therapeutic avenues

26:20for us in Alzheimer's disease, because a big challenge for us treating Alzheimer's disease is being able to get those drugs into the brain. But I think this points to we might not need those drugs to get into the brain if we can influence in some way the peripheral immune state. So I think this might open up new avenues where we don't have to be so considerate about the need for experimental drugs to have good brain penetration. Currently there are several trials of vaccines to fight the disease. For example, a recent study in California found that adults who received a vaccine for shingles were about 50% less likely to develop Alzheimer's. And apart from vaccines, there are other interventions which lower inflammation and protect against the disease, including a Mediterranean diet, reducing alcohol intake,

27:25exercising and avoiding smoking. Richard Hamilton It was built as the People's Celebration and on Friday thousands turned out in Chicago to attend a memorial service for the American civil rights campaigner Jesse Jackson. He died last month aged 84. Former presidents, governors, mayors and the rich and famous rub shoulders with the public to honor the reverence, life and legacy when the ERCOT reports. Can we celebrate the life of Reverend Jesse Jackson? I need everybody around the world. Don't do that here. Paul Beres carried Reverend Jesse Jackson's casket into the House of Hope on the far south side of Chicago. A huge floral cross of white roses and several other sprays of flowers were placed around it. Reverend Jackson's son Yusuf paid a special tribute. After he passed, I asked each of my children, Sky, Yusuf, Cassius, Atticus, Matthias.

28:29What was their last conversation with their grandfather? I asked, what did he say to you? Each of them, separately and individually, thought for a moment and told me, Dad, granddad told me he loved me and those are the last words I remember him ever saying to me as well. Three of America's former presidents spoke at the ceremony, Bill Clinton, Joe Biden and Barack Obama. It's an honor to join you today to celebrate the Reverend Jesse Lewis Jackson. Jesse didn't just speak to black folks. He spoke to white folks and Latinos and Asian Americans and the first Americans. He spoke to family farmers and environmentalists. He spoke to gay rights activists when nobody was talking to gay rights activists and blue collar workers. And he gave them the same message that they mattered,

29:35that their voices and their votes counted. He paid the road for so many others to follow. Reverend Al Sharpton shared a fond memory of the first time he met Reverend Jackson. I liked Reverend Jackson because he was a little hip, but then the older preachers. He was 27. I was 13 by the time I became youth director. So he was like a father figure to me. When I got about 40, he said, quit calling me father, call me big brother. There was music throughout the ceremony, including a rousing version of Change Gonna Come by the American singer Jennifer Hudson.

30:37Wendy Erkert. And that's all from us for now. If you want to get in touch, you can email us at globalpodcast at BBC.co.uk. You can also find us on X at BBC World Service. Use the hashtag globalnewspod. And don't forget our sister podcast, The Global Story, which goes in depth and beyond the headlines on one big story. This edition of The Global News Podcast was mixed by Lewis Griffin. The producer was Mazar Fashakir. The editor is Karen Martin. I'm Alex Ritson. Until next time, goodbye.