Their Discovery Will Change How We Explore the Moon

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1:02Soon we might start constructing loads of stuff on the moon. All because India's moon mission has recently detected sulfur near the moon's south pole. This chemical element can come in extremely handy for creating infrastructure on our satellite. Once the first time this chemical element has been discovered on Earth's natural satellite. This sought after element is mostly found near Earth's volcanoes. Its appearance on the moon speaks volumes about the satellite's volcanic history and its past atmospheric conditions. The mission's rover detected this chemical element less than a week after touching down around 70 degrees from the moon's south pole on the 23rd of August 2023. This historic landing on the lunar surface made India the fourth country to safely land a mission on the moon. It's also the first spacecraft to touch down so close to the south pole of our satellite.

2:06It's an area of strategic importance because it's believed to be home to deposits of water ice. If it turns out to be true, future missions might be able to harvest it and turn this water ice into drinking water or even rocket fuel. For two weeks the lander carried out the data collection, mainly focused on the analysis of the moon's soil and its extremely thin atmosphere. Meanwhile the solar-powered Pragyan rover started its quest to find frozen water on the moon. As for the lander, it demonstrated another amazing feat on the 3rd of September. The spacecraft fired up its engines and lifted itself for about 16 inches into the air. Then it made a tiny hop to land 12 to 16 inches away from its original position. It's kind of a big deal. Being able to get a lander back off the surface of the moon is essentially for future missions, knowing that they can safely return soil samples or even astronauts back home after a lunar

3:10mission. New Year New Me? Cute! But how about New Year? New Money? With Experience, you can actually take control of your finances. Check your FICO score, find ways to save, and get matched with credit card offers. Giving you time to power through those New Year's goals, you know you're going to crush. Start the year off right. Download the Experience App. Based on FICO score 8 model, offers an approval not guaranteed, eligibility or requirements in terms of apply. Subject to Credit Check, which may impact your credit scores, offers not available in all states. See Experience.com for details. In September, the Indian spacecraft was put into sleeping mode. The 14-day long lunar night was approaching, and the spacecraft wasn't designed to collect scientific data during this period of time. So far, we've learned about a few major findings of the mission. One is related to measuring the temperature of the Moon's topsoil at different depths. Intriguingly, the surface of the satellite in that region turned out to be hotter than

4:11expected. It was believed that the temperature could be between 68 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit on the surface. But it was around 158 degrees Fahrenheit, way hotter than it should be. The other discovery indicates the presence of several chemical elements, including oxygen. Besides, the data received from the spacecraft confirms the presence of aluminum, calcium, iron, titanium, silicon, and other chemical elements on the lunar surface close to the south pole. The rover also used special instruments designed to measure quakes and rumbles beneath the lunar surface to detect some seismic activity. It brings us back to the sulfur detected thanks to the rover's spectroscope. Scientists are currently working on figuring out whether this element formed on the surface in a natural way, or whether it's the result of volcanic activity, or a meteor strike.

5:14Another astonishing thing found on the Moon is a rock, and it may be the oldest known earth rock. The 0.7-inch wide chip, included in a large rock collection, brought to our planet by Apollo astronauts, might actually be a 4 billion-year-old fragment of Earth. This finding could help us paint a better picture of the intense pounding early Earth got at the dawn of its life. It could go like this. Soon after the rock formed, an asteroid impact might have blasted it from Earth. At that time, our planet satellite was three times closer to Earth than it is today. The collision was so powerful that this chunk of terrestrial rock found its way to the Moon. Later, this fragment got engulfed in a lunar breccia, a motley kind of rock. Eventually, the rock was brought back home to Earth by Apollo 14 astronauts. Even though scientists had found meteorites coming from Mars and the Moon before, it was

6:17the first time a rock from the Moon turned out to be a terrestrial meteorite. They also found out that the rock had formed in a water-rich environment at temperatures and pressures, corresponding to those at around 12 miles beneath the surface of our planet. In 2019, China's Chang'a 4 mission made history by landing on the far side of the Moon. The mission's rover helped researchers visualize structures hidden deep below the surface of the satellite, revealing billions of years of lunar history. The U-2-2 rover made this discovery with the help of its lunar penetrating radar. It imaged deep into the Moon's surface and listened to echoes of sound balancing back off structures hidden from view under the surface of the Moon. It turned out, those structures were resting at depths of almost one... Ever seen a musical so good you didn't want it to end, like you could live inside it forever.

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8:25of eruptions over time. So, lunar volcanic activity gradually dwindled since the Moon's formation around four and a half billion years ago. On the far side of the Moon, there is one of the largest and oldest impact craters in our solar system, the South Pole Apeken Basin. Unfortunately, from Earth, you can only see its outer rim, which looks like a huge chain of mountains. It's a ginormous eight-mile deep dent, stretching for more than 1,500 miles in diameter and covering one-fourth of the Moon's surface. Astronomers are sure that this crater appeared when an asteroid collided with the Moon around four billion years ago. And now, look at this gigantic chunk of metal, the size of four states of Connecticut. As for its weight and pounds, it's enough to say that the number contains 18 zeros. This mysterious mass is hidden about 180 miles under the Moon's surface, somewhere in the

9:29middle of the South Pole Apeken Basin. It was discovered when Grail, which stands for NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory Mission, gathered data about our natural satellite. When examining this information, scientists noticed that in one place on the Moon's surface, there was a weird change in gravity. After researching this phenomenon, they included that something mysterious was weighing down the basin floor there. Real far, researchers haven't figured out the origin of the bizarre lump, but there are several theories. One of them claims that the finding is a chunk of dense oxide, which appeared when the Moon was just taking its shape. At that time, the satellite was still covered with ancient oceans of magma, and the lump could be formed at the final stages of its cooling. However, most scientists support another theory. According to which, the puzzling mass is part of the giant asteroid that once created the South Pole Apeken Basin.

10:32Since the thing is metallic, it's probably the iron nickel core of the asteroid. There might be a labyrinth of lava tubes on the Moon. Not so long ago, astronomers received the results of underground topography and discovered a massive cave under the surface of Earth's satellite. It could be the result of the lunar volcanic activity that happened more than 3 billion years ago. Streams of lava hardened, creating a thick, hard crust on the outside. But inside, it kept flowing, melting the rock and creating tunnels and caves. Numerous small pits in the Moon's surface discovered by NASA seemed to be the openings to such lava tubes. But this theory is confirmed. The underground tunnels might serve not only as a convenient location for human crewed space missions, but also as much-needed water sources for astronauts. President Barack Obama

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