MEMORY - A NEW PERSPECTIVE - Charan Ranganath PhD #68

Why and how do we store certain memories and not others? What lifestyle elements influence memory for better or worse? Can traumatic memories be reframed and lead to reduction in symptoms?

In this episode we get into the most recent research into memory. So, how we store memory; the different types; the way we actively construct it rather than simply receiving it; it’s importance to our sense of self and framing of the world; to our attention and motivation; to our openness and updating our beliefs; and to Deja Vu. We talk about the influence of screen time and multi-tasking on memory; some unexpected life style factors that influence the quality of memory function and how they can feed into memory disorders; and we discuss traumatic memories and how we can reframe them, and the psychedelic research on that too.

Fortunately, our guest is one of the world’s most fun and knowledgeable authorities on memory, psychologist, neuroscientist, and head of the dynamic memory lab at The University of California Davis, Dr. Charan Ranganath. He’s the author of over 120 scientific papers on memory and has recently released a fascinating book for the general public on all this, “Why We Remember”. Charan is also a rock guitarist with several bands so a man of many talents. 

What we discuss:

00:00 intro. 

07:20 The remembering self vs experiencing self. 

09:30 We forget a lot, we’re supposed to.

11:00 Autobiographic memory.

13:30 Episodic memory.

14:20 Emotional intensity brings attention, which is linked to motivation.

18:20 Association, cue and prompts, and the hippocampus.

20:30 Memory athletes and training memory.

21:51 Storifcation, mental schemas and ‘scaffolding’ new memories with old blueprints.

24:40 Preconceptions, bias and prejudice is baked into new memories.

27:00 Imagining the past (re-membering) and imagining the future are very similar in the brain.

29:15 The brain is not linear, rather a global network of dynamic interaction between brain regions simultaneously.

31:29 Prediction error, goals, and memory enhancement.

37:00 Dopamine drives our attention, interest and curiosity, multiplying remembering.

43:20 Mental flexibility, youthful neuroplasticity, and openness to new experience.

46::00 The ‘Stage of Life’ theory of memory.

49:00 The young brain needs to struggle to get the information they’re curious about.

50:15 Deja Vu research and familiarity.

54:20 The environmental and social components of memory. 

58:15 The act of remembering can change that memory.

01:00:00 Collective memory - shared memories support sense of self.

01:01:20 Life style factors: good for the body = good for the brain, so good for memory.

01:02:00 The importance of vascular health and inflammation.

01:06:30 Depression inversely correlates with memory.

01:08:45 Screen time, focus and memory.

01:10:20 Multi taking is actually switching, and leads to fragmented memories.

01:12:30 Traumatic memories and reframing them.

01:19:20 Psychedelic reframing of memories. 

01:20:20 Extinction learning - learning to suppress memory prompts and re-write them.

References:

Charan Ranganth, “Why We Remember” 

Daniel Kahneman, “Thinking Fast and Slow”

Hermann Ebbinghaus, “Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology” 1885

Endel Tulving, ‘Mental time travel’

Frederic Bartlett, 1930 ‘Imagining the past and constructing the future’

Mathias Gruber and Charan Ranganath, “How Curiosity Enhances Hippocampus-Dependent Memory: The Prediction, Appraisal, Curiosity, and Exploration (PACE) Framework” Paper

Anne Cleary, Deja Vu experiments article