James Webb Space Telescope vs. Hubble

0:00It took a lot of time for the light emitted by several incredibly old galaxies to reach the James Webb Space Telescope. After scientists made more precise estimates, it turned out that the photons had been on the way for over 13 billion years. That's about as long as the entire history of the universe, and only recently have they reached our orbiting observatory. These dramatic results have revealed that the universe started creating stars almost immediately after the Big Bang. But if you look at the images delivered by the James Webb, you won't be overly impressed, just a handful of smudges, a few glowing spheres, and something resembling a dog bone. And still, the world of astronomy has been left speechless. The telescope's giant mirror has managed to capture the oldest known galaxy in the entire universe. The galaxy got quite a prosaic name, mostly consisting of letters and numbers. Yeah, that's rather catchy. It appeared a mere 320 million years after the Big Bang.

1:04In comparison with our home galaxy, this ancient one was tiny, but after its birth, it started vigorously producing new stars at a rate comparable to that of the Milky Way. Interestingly, the Webb telescope has managed to photograph a few other ancient galaxies that had the same characteristics. Based on the snapshots of the baby universe we've got, we can conclude that in those ancient times, the first galaxies and stars were evolving amazingly fast. They also appeared much earlier than most scientists thought. Now, let's talk about the hero of the day, the outstanding telescope itself. The James Webb Space Telescope is a stunning piece of equipment. It's around 100 times more powerful than the Hubble Space Telescope, and the latter has observed places that are 13.4 billion light years away. The James Webb Telescope is also on the pricey side to put it mildly. X-Sama is unpredictable, but you can flare less with Ebglyce, a once-monthly treatment

2:06for moderate to superior X-Sama. After an initial four-month or longer dosing phase, about four and ten people taking Ebglyce achieved itch relief and glare are almost glare skin at sixteen weeks, and most of those people maintain skin that's still more glare at one year with monthly dosing. Ebglyce, library kizumap, LBKZ, a 250-mg per 2-ml injection is a prescription medicine used to treat adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 88 lbs or 40kg with moderate to severe X-Sama. Also called atopic dermatitis that is not well controlled with prescription therapies used on the skin, or topicals, or who cannot use topical therapies. Ebglyce can be used with or without topical corticosteroids. Don't use if you're allergic to Ebglyce. Allergic reactions can occur that can be severe. Eye problems can occur. Tell your doctor if you have new or worsening eye problems. We should not receive a live vaccine when treated with Ebglyce. Before starting Ebglyce, tell your doctor if you have a parasitic infection. Ask a doctor about Ebglyce and visit Ebglyce.lili.com or call 1-800-LiliRX or 1-105-5-5-9-7-9. The cost of the telescope was estimated to be just 1-3-5 billion dollars.

3:07The entire process of its construction cost around 10 billion dollars. For comparison NASA spent 4.7 billion dollars to build and launch the Hubble telescope. And it was another 1.3 billion dollars to fix it in orbit. Even though the James Webb Space Telescope itself is three stories high and the size of tennis court. Its mirrors are the lightest large telescope mirrors of all time. No wonder, during the manufacturing process, they underwent a 92% reduction in weight. The lighter, the cheaper it is, descends stuff to space. If you had a chance to look at these mirrors, they would seem to be gold, but they're made of brillium. This is a steel gray, lightweight, and brittle metal. A gold coating is still applied to each mirror, but they can't be produced entirely out of gold, since this material needs to expand and contract even with small temperature changes, and that's not what we need to happen to a super precise piece of equipment. That's why the total amount of gold used in the construction of the James Webb telescope

4:11is less than two ounces. That's a golf ball size chunk of gold. The gold plates covering the mirror are only 1,000 atoms thick. If we speak about all those incredible feats that a telescope is capable of, it can clearly see a US penny from 24 miles away and a football from 340 miles away. Hey, what's the score? JWST comes with significant advantages over any previous mission. For example, its 21-foot mirror is composed of 18 gold-plated hexagonal segments. They gather more than six times as much light as the Hubble Space Telescopes' almost 8-foot mirror. It means that James Webb can record light from all kinds of space objects six times faster than its predecessor. The telescope's sensitivity to infrared light is also astonishing, which is remarkable since it can see different things than optical telescopes. You can say it's a real game changer. The James Webb can observe wavelengths from 0.6 to 28.5 micrometer.

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6:18From the red end of the visible spectrum to the mid-infrared, as for Hubble's optics, most of the telescope sensitivity is centered on visible light. It might sound surprising, but in its intended infrared domain, the web telescope isn't likely to resolve finer details than Hubble can detect in optical light. The thing is that although resolution increases with the mirror size, it also diminishes with wavelength. James Webb's telescope side cools itself down, because otherwise, it might get damaged or even burned. Normally, its temperature doesn't rise higher than minus 370 degrees Fahrenheit. That's cold enough to make hydrogen liquid. An enormous 5 layer sunshield surrounds the telescope and reflects as much sunlight as possible, letting the telescope stay cool. The telescope was launched near the equator because Earth spins a bit faster there, and this gave the rocket some extra push. When the James Webb space telescope runs out of fuel,

7:20it'll just keep orbiting the sun. On the other hand, even though the telescope wasn't designed to be serviced or upgraded, it might potentially be refueled with the help of robots in the future. This might extend its lifespan. Anyway, here are the reasons why we can say this telescope has changed astronomy. For one thing, we might finally see dark matter. Around 84% of matter in the universe doesn't emit or absorb light. Astronomers call this stuff, which can either be seen directly nor detected by indirect means, dark matter. It affects visible matter, radiation, and the very structure of the universe. Dark matter is like some binding agent of our universe, and we're still not sure whether it exists. And now, thanks to the James Webb telescope, scientists might finally have a way to seek dark matter. It's a huge development that is likely to change the way we observe the known as well as unknown universe. Even though astronomers haven't seen dark matter

8:21directly yet, they have been able to trace the distribution of this mysterious universal compound. All thanks to James Webb's powerful instruments. Another reason the new space telescope is so cool is that it helps us learn more about star formation. This process has always been a foundational part of astronomical studies, but even though Hubble has provided us with some iconic images and observations. Carvana is so easy just to click and we've got ourselves a car. See? So many cars, that's a click-tastic inventory. And check out the financing options, payments to fit our budget. I mean, that's clickonomics 101. Delivery to our door. Just a hop, skip, and a click away. And what? No better feeling than when everything just clicks. Buy your car today on Carvana. Delivery fees may apply. There are still many unanswered questions about how stars form and go out, but astronomers are sure

9:24that James Webb will fill in the blanks. All because this telescope can peer further and deeper into the universe than any other telescope that has ever existed. Its location and cutting-edge equipment allow it to gaze through gases and dust surrounding early galaxies and stars. It will let us get a better look at star formation. It's also obvious that Webb's discoveries are bound to change the way we think of the early universe. For example, recently the telescope has revealed several large galaxies that scientists believe existed not long after the big bang. They aren't supposed to be there and no one expected to find them. And still, the James Webb Space Telescope has spotted them. These six galaxies, as massive as our home Milky Way, are full of mature red stars. Astronomers have analyzed the light coming from them and estimated their age five to seven hundred million years after the big bang. The most bizarre thing about these galaxies is their tremendous size and the age of the stars

10:29inhabiting them. This information doesn't coincide with the existing ideas about what the universe looked like and how it evolved in its early years. Plus, it doesn't match the earlier observations made by Hubble. Astronomers hope that one day James Webb will help us find new exoplanets and even detect water there. For a long time, astronomers have been discovering planets orbiting stars outside the solar system by monitoring slight dips in stars' light. Such dips happen when planets pass in front of them and reading unique signatures in the light can tell us about planets' chemical composition. The strongest and most readable signatures happen within the infrared spectrum. Have you just thought of James Webb's state-of-the-art infrared instruments too? They can help scientists spot new planets and even identify the presence of water there.