Introduction to Kereisos

0:00We now begin messaged as Cresus, and this is the introduction to the messageda. The topic of the entire messageda has to do with various carbonous that are brought, that are either to a tone for a sin, in the case of the Khatas or the Asham, the sin offering, guild offering, or other carbonous that are brought to conclude processes, either what's called the Mahchustri Kapara, people who are lacking atonement, meaning they're finishing essentially a purification process, or they're finishing the Nazerus, or they are completing the conversion garrist process, so they're carbonous to be brought, and we'll talk about those carbonous as well. So those kinds of carbonous and what happens if you have to bring multiple, or if you have a suffice, if you have to ring them at all, that's the topic of the messageda. Now the word Cresus comes from the word Kares, Kares, of the fine moorling phenomenon, that basically means to be severed, and it's a reference to the fact that the majority of the carbonous that are talked about in our messageda are the have to do with the Khatas Kavua, the Fix Khatas, which is brought essentially when a person inadvertently, meaning Bishogeg, does one of the

1:04veris for which if he acted intentionally without witnesses in warning, would get a penalty from heaven called Kares. So Cresus essentially is the plural of Kares, if you will, as if Kares has a noun, severance, the noun, and then Cresus would be sort of the severances, the plural of those crimes, a veris for which the penalty is Kares. That being the case, the truth is that, grammatically speaking, it shouldn't be pronounced Cresus with a with a Shvab rather, either Karesus or Karesus, meaning severances, but anyways, if you pronounce it Karesus instead of Cresus, it circles that I move in, you're going to be looked at as a very strange person, so therefore it just goes by Cresus, whether you like it or not, whether the grammar makes sense for it doesn't, okay? So that's the topic of the ms. Now, what actually is Karesus? So there is a confusing, and there are multiple sheetless numbers shown on which is why it makes it confusing. They're basically three approaches. The first approach is the approach of Rashi and Toastfuls,

2:06and Rashi learns in Homish, et cetera, that Karesus means to be, it means premature death, okay? The Pussik which refers to Cresus, there are enumerous psocum that refer to Karesus, but probably they're called the most famous, comes in Ahiremos at the end, where the various Isurei Arayos, the prohibited sexual unions are listed, and at the end of that long listing, the Pussik says, and we're going to do any of these disgusting things, but Nikresus, Hannafashus, Hannausus, Mikairev, Amam, the souls that do this, the people who do this, and the fashus that do this, they'll be Nikresus severed, if you will, from their nation. Now, Rashi learns that the word Nefesh or Nefashus, in that context, is referring to a person when he's alive, not his soul, if you will, but let's call it his body and soul together when he's alive as a person.

3:07And therefore, Rashi learns that it means premature death, okay? Chazala pretty clear about this, even though they were shown to have different parts of the Chazal, seem to understand the Diver Chazal they were talking about, someone who dies young, they were shown learns at 50, other Chazal's Mokans say, before the age of 60, that's where I'm born, learned, and so on. So premature death before the one's full age is the penalty of Charest, dying young, and the Pussikam sometimes referred to being a re-rim, and what does a re-rim mean? So Rashi and Hommash, when Avram says to Hashem that he's going to holach a re-re, so Rashi brings Tupshatum, the Pshatum Manachat Ibn Suruk, which is that it means essentially without descendants, that the word heir means like the English word heir, H-I-R, it's like the Hebrew, the I-N-Race heir, and so he goes without any descendants, so childlessness, and Rashi himself learns it's more of expression of destruction, like aru, aru, aru, aru, adiasod, but like words of

4:09destruction, in any case, Rashi learns it seems that hand-in-hand with Charest goes aru, even though the Pshatum Manachat what aru, sometimes, and therefore Charest would mean premature death for the age of 50 or 60, and also the loss of one's children or Hommash, the Chazal self, Nivamus says that finds a re-rim as Yash Lobanum Covrim, and Lobanum holach aru, so it means that if you have children then go up with the die, they'll die in your lifetime, if you don't have children, you won't have any children, okay, so that's how Rashi learns it's a package deal, and those are similarly, that Charest means premature death and childlessness without a continuity, in terms of one's subsequent generations. The Rambam, in Hilch's Chuvan 8th Parach, is explicit that Charest is a, I'll call it, spiritual phenomenon, the word nephish of herpastic is referring not to a person's life while he's alive in this world, but rather, his soul once, it leaves his

5:12body after death, and the people who get Charest are essentially not welcome and able to enter Ulum Haba, okay, so it's a spiritual penalty, if you will, that's the first, the Rambam says, and therefore it's not during one's lifetime, it has no effect on one's life, so to speak, but it has to do with, you know, after life. The Rambam has a, I think, quite famous and lengthy explanation, on the Paschic quarter before, they're at the end of Achrimos, the Rambam ends up understanding that there are three kinds or levels of Charest. He based on the fact that the Suckam sentence is referred to a, the Ish, a person being Nichras, sometimes to a nephish, a soul being Nichras, and then there's a third expression, which is like a double expression in the context, at least in the context of Bavarazzara, and then, and then the God of Blasping Nisham, where it says, he charest, he charests a double expression, so the Rambam learns as follows, if a person is the kind of person who is mostly good, he has more Clios than a Verus, but he does

6:19one of these a Verus that have the penalty of Charest, and again, I should have said this at the beginning, I apologize, I didn't know what I didn't, I'm sorry, Charest is only a penalty of one act willfully, he acts amazing, he knows it's forbidden, he does it anyway, so this person just, you know, his, the it targets a better of him, and he can't resist this forbidden relationship, or eating this forbidden food and the like, doing Malachhan Chabis, all that kind of stuff, so then says the Rambam, okay, so then essentially his, that the least of the three is a good person that did a bad thing, and therefore his penalty essentially will be, his life will be cut short, before the age of 16 says the Rambam explicitly, the Rambam does not tie into that a reary, meaning childlessness or death of one's children, except in the specific examples of how much word says, there's also an reary element, so in general if one does these a Verus, so then if he is mostly good, he will have a shortened life, if worse than that, he's mostly bad, meaning he has more a Verus, or as a Verus outweigh his mitzvahs, so then in this life you might have a full life, so

7:23live to a ripe old age, but he is cut off from like the spiritual life, so what he calls the Olamhana Shamos, so that looks like essentially 12 months of Gehenim, after which a person's soul is essentially obliterated, and like it's dust, whatever that means is scattered below the fear of the Tadikim, say Khazal, but he has no Olamhaba beyond being ashes under the feet of the Tadikim. That's bad, not the worst. Level 3 is the worst, that's the double expression, where we said it's a person is, he karas bolum haze and tika res alamhaba, so that person essentially gets both, if a person is guilty of idolatry or blasphemy, so then he has his life shortened in this world, and he doesn't have a life in the world to come, that thermo bonds approach to what karas is, those are three approaches here. Now, let's talk about the basic krabanas of the masakta, which is basically three categories, we have what are called the, the krabanas that come for

8:24sin, that's a khatas, you have an asham, and then you have these kind of concluding, concluding khusrikapar and the like concluding process krabana, so the khatas basically comes in two varieties, the primary khatas is known as the khatas kavua, kavua means fix, an idea is that you're bringing a standard khatas for most use of eras, and that standard khatas is basically a female go to sheep in its first year. Okay, so what that look like, that means a person who does an avera, for which the penalty is karas, but he did it beshogeg, meaning he didn't intend to do an avera, he forgot this was forbidden, et cetera, so then, or he didn't understand the situation, so then instead of getting karas, which he gets for a willful, amazing activity, he'll get, he's a shogig, he has to bring a khatas in its place, the khatas kavua typically. Now, for those who love numbers and accounting care, I'm going to give you the numbers, make it clear here, because this is confusion. The mission, the first mission of cart creases will list 36 averas, which the penalty

9:29is karas. Okay, the gammar will add 12 more at 36, bringing you to 48. How does that work? Because we'll see the one of the 36 on the list is ishulbita, sleeping with a woman and her daughter, which ends up being not one but nine different women that are forbidden, if you will, we'll explain in the first mission, so that adds an extra eight, right? Not one but nine, so add extra eight, and then there's the prohibition of the ove, the necromancer, which actually there's two separate assurment, there's two of the targ mitzvahs, both consulting with the ove and the yadoni, both two contenecromancy, ove gets it from under the armpit and yadoni from out of the mouth, but the point is that's two, not just one, so you add extra one there, and then you have the prohibition of a vorozara, which actually is four separate lovin, which are lumped together, okay? So if you add the extra eight from ishulbita and extra one from the yadoni and the extra three for a vorozara, you can get total of 12, eight plus one plus three is 12, and that's a 36 that are explicitly

10:34numerated in the mission, 12 plus 36 is you 48, and in fact, there are a total of 48 averas in the Torah that if one does them, but amazed intentionally, the penalty is karas, that's 48. Now, the Rambam family says that for, there are 43 averas for which there's a jattas kahvua, a fixed jattas, so we've got to figure out where they're missing where there are five extra ones, if you will. So the answer is, of the 48 creases for which the penalty is karas for willful activity, two of them are mitzvahsase, meaning if one elects not to get brismila or bring the corn paisach, there's a penalty of karas for that, but there's no, since there are mitzvahsase, there's no jattas, that's brought up for one does it beshoge, so that's two, then you have the magadef, the magadef is the blasphemer, a person who invokes Hashem's name against Hashem or Hornathan, so that person, okay, there is, if he does intentionally, then he ends up with witnesses will actually get skillet, and if he does it without witnesses, he gets karas, but there's no jattas for that,

11:36because it's called a lavish aim, but my side, there's no actual act, it's just a verbalization, and therefore that's, there's no jattas, that's one, and then there are two averas for which the penalty is karas, but there's, instead of the jattas, there's a, what's called the jattas, the olive yura, the variable jattas, not a fixed jattas, and that's what's called tumas, miktash, ukudashav, if a person is tummy, and enters the temple precincts, or he's tummy, and he eats carbonos, so then if he does it willfully, he gets karas, but if he does it, inadvertently, so then he does not bring, he does not, he does not bring jattas kivua, so that's why it's on the list, so therefore he had 48 total creases, but five that, of which you don't bring the jattas kivua, again, the two mitzvahs, asi, mila, and pesach, the magad of the blasphemer, because there's the imbomaisa, and the two that are olive yura, the person is tummy, who enters or eats karas, so he minus those five from 48, you get to 43, those are the 43 jattas kivua,

12:39just one final bit of accounting, if you actually add them up, you'll see 26 of those 43, I have to do a different forbidden ariose, sexual union, and then there are 17 other aviars, okay, and we'll enumerate them essentially all in the next first mission of the mesela, okay, so now, therefore let's speak now, so the jattas kivua, again, means a person, did one of those 43 things, that are penalty of karas, and he did it, the shogag, so he brings it, female goad achievements first year, there are a couple exceptions to that rule, I'm gonna get to the details of everything now, but that's the gist of it, the couple, whatever, okay, two exceptions to that, where it's not a female goad achievements first year necessarily, and then you have the olive yura, the olive yura is that variable jattas, so we said you bring that, there's actually the succumbendum rate, essentially three ocumb categories of sin, for which one brings the olive yura to variable jattas, but that means is that instead of bringing, if you can afford to bring

13:41a female goad or sheep, so then great, but if you can't, instead you can bring two birds, either bineyona, baby pigeons, or two tour, a tour is like a turtle dove, okay, so mature turtle dove, or an immature pigeon, if that's what the proper translation is, let's assume, so then that's if he's a doll, if he's poor, and if he's really poor, dolly dollic music is poor as could be, and he has, you know, four or two birds, then he can bring what's called the minjas chota, the sinner's meal offering, which basically just flower, okay, so those three of eras, or categories of eras, where you bring that, where there's a penalty of the olive yura, first of all, we numerated it is the tumas miktas yukudasha, that's the first of the three, but you also have what's called the shufus haedus, and the shufus bitui, those other two, so shufus haedus is, when ruvans says shimon, please testify on my behalf, because I need to reclaim my, whatever, you know the fact, and shimon says, I don't know the fact, and ruvans

14:41says yes you do, and shimon says no, I don't, and shimon swears he doesn't have the facts to testify to help ruvans reclaim his mondure loss, whatever it is, so he swears falsely about that, and later on he feels bad, and then wants to chuva, so as part of his chuva process he has to bring a carbon, which is the olive yura, that's for the shufus haedus, and the second is shufus bitui, that means like literally a oath of utterance, the point is he makes a shufua that either he did or didn't, or will or won't do something, I guess you say did or didn't happen or will or won't do something, and he swears falsely, so that means either he says he did or didn't go to the story yesterday, when really that's not true, or he says the will or will not in the future, do something, but he ends up doing not what he says, so over the matter he says he did or didn't happen in the past, but if he swears falsely then that's a penalty for which again he must bring an olive yura to variable offering, these two, the shufus haedus and the shufus bitui can be done

15:47not just the shogig, but even the maize, that's unusual, usually this carbon is being brought for just shuggos, inadvertent violations, but here he intentionally lied about his testimony, or even if he intentionally lied about the past or future, or if he accidentally either one, so then he has to bring these olive yura, so those are the olive yura, okay, and those are based on the chateaus, there are actually are technically other kinds of chateaus, like the parhelum, dava and whatever, other weird scenarios, but the mesexta was discussed and we discussed them together, there are, there are others, right, the asham, these are the chateaus puton and the musafin for yomtef and on orshchodesh and the chateaus upon yomkipra, okay, but all that's besides the point, then you have the ashamos, ashamos means translators guilt offerings, they're a total of six ashamos, which we'll discuss in the mesexta, they're six total altogether, four of them come essentially for sins and two are for concluding processes, so the four that come

16:47for sin, they're a ram, and then there's less, and they must be, they're more expensive, and if they're coming for these concluding processes, then there's, it can be even a first-year male, sheep, and it's less expensive, so the three sins that there's a special asham four, they're called the asham meelos, asham gazelos, and the asham shifchharufa, asham meelos is the guilt offering, brings for the misappropriation of concentrated property, that's meelah, okay, so if one does meelah bishogic, so besides having to replace the thing he used, because he rode on the animal that was the base meelaches, or he used the pen that belonged to the base meelaches so, so then besides for having to replace it and add a chumish, the 25% penalty, he also, if you did a bishogic, he must bring a asham meelos, okay, it's like I said a ram, the definition of a ram and an isle in the Torah is an animal that's at least one year, one month and one day old,

17:48okay, male sheep. Did you have the asham gazelos? Asham gazelos is anytime that a person swears falsely regarding owing someone money, so that could come in a lot of ways, a person could have found a wallet, or owe someone wages, or had on deposit by him, you know, someone's bicycle, and then he lies and says, I didn't find your wallet, or I don't have your bicycle, or I don't owe you those wages, and he swears falsely, okay, that person, now when it comes out the truth, the one that's the truth, he has to bring a special asham, guilt offering the asham gazelos, the theft. The third is the asham shif qarufa, this is really complicated, I'm again, to right now, the short of it is that if a person has a, is it adulterous with a woman who's like half freed, and therefore, and half free, half slave girl, and they're for just like half married, half not, then the penalty for that kind of adultery, whether it's intentional, otherwise is a asham shif qarufa, okay, so those three are the ashamos that are for certain

18:53sins, like definite sins, there's also a fourth asham the asham talui, the suspending guilt offering, which comes in a person, is not certain whether he's obligated to bring a jhatas, was that to bring a jhatas, like in the refrigerator there were two pieces of fat, one of them was permitted shuman, one was forbidden khaylov under penalty of kars, and he ate one of them, he didn't know which one he ate, and his roommate ate the other one, so he doesn't know was he the one who ate the khaylov and he has to bring a jhatas, or we ate the shuman, we bring nothing, since he doesn't know he has to do, he'll bring, to, he'll bring this asham talui, the suspending guilt offering, which will stave off the consequences of having done the khayt. In the meantime, and if he ever discovers what really happened, like, you know, he gets the CCTV footage, and he says, oh, I ate the khaylov, they'll have to bring an addition, like later on, he'll have to bring a jhatas proper, jhatas kivor. Okay, so those are the four, the shuman's that are brought for sins, the first three, certain sins, definite sins, and the fourth one, a suffix, a questionable sin,

19:55there'll be a significant topic on the meseh, okay, and then there are these kaban's that are brought for concluding processes, the majority of them are called what it's called for a mochustray kapara, people who are lacking at tomans, brought from the verse, okay, of which you essentially have four mochustray kapara, okay, you have the zav, that is a man who had this sort of mysterious emission, it's whatever it is, it's not a seminal mission, something else, so he has, if he has three separate emissions, he's like a full blown zav, and when he becomes Tahir after having seven clean days, part of this purification process is to bring two birds, one is a, again, it's always a, either tour or benayona, one comes as a asha, one comes, actually one comes as a jhatas, one comes in ola, birds only can be ola, ola, ola, there are ola's or jhatas, and it's not coming for sin per se, you understand, it's not, it's not a zav, because he's a sinner necessarily, but he is part of the Tahir process, must bring these birds,

20:56until then he's a mochustray kapara, which means that until he brings these birds, he lacks full atonement, and that means he is still forbidden from entering the base of miktash, the azara, temple complex, or the eating from carbonos, okay, he's like a shlashlatuma kind of, okay, then you have the zava, which is like the female word of zava, but they're pretty different, the zava is a woman who bleeds mysteriously for three consecutive days, not when she's expecting her regular menstrual period, that one also is tomea, and after jats have seven clean days, after that time, okay, besides, again, part of the purification process is after the miktacle like the zav, she has to bring two birds, one's an ola, one's a jhatas, and then you have the yola des, the one who gave birth, the yola des a little different here, she at the end of 40 days, if it was a boy, eight days, if it's a girl, she again has to complete her purification process by bringing carbonos, here if she can afford it, she actually should bring an ola, which is like a ram, excuse me, a sheep, a male sheep, I mean it's first year, so not a mile, and if she can't afford it,

22:02then she will bring a bird and said, and she also has to bring a jhatas bird, so either she means two birds or one bird and one male sheep, and that's again, to complete her purification process until then she can't eat from carbonos, like the carbon-based, she can't go to the base of miktosh, and again, it's not brought first, even though it's called the jhatas, if it's brought as a bird, again, it's not, it's not a really xp for sin, it's just completely processed like the zava and the zava, and then finally the mitsura, mitsura has a much more complex purification process, but the bottom line is that at the very end, the mitsura when he finishes its raas, he had that skin affliction, and it resolved itself, and he does his process, the last thing he does, he has to bring actually three different kinds of carbonos, he brings a male sheep as an asham, and he also brings a male sheep as an ola, and he also brings a female sheep as a jhatas, again, these are all just carbonos from psukim,

23:02and that's, I don't know, in a second, but remember we said there are six Ashamos, so that's the fifth of the six, and then you also have other concluding processes, you have the nazir, the nazir who committed to not become tamay from tomas mace, or eat gray products, or cut his hair, so at the conclusion of this process, so he also brings carbonos, he'll bring actually a male sheep as an ola, and a female sheep as a jhatas, and a ram as a shlumman, that's the primary one, okay, and he also has a basket, these two kinds of loaves of matas, two different kinds of matas, ten loaves of each, okay, and tilli brings that, he is kind of like a mochusakipura, and actually in truth is the nazir isn't really tamay in that sense, so he could grow the base of miktosh, but he can't resume his normal life of drinking wine, et cetera, and tilli brings this this ram and so on, okay, so similarly, and the nazir who became tamay in the middle, since the nazir took on to become, to not expose self to corpstuma, if he hasn't been exposed to corpstuma, so then he has started again, and part of his starting again process also includes the

24:06good reshaving aton, but he also has to bring now two birds, okay, as a jhatas and ola, as well as a male sheep as an asham, okay, so now totally in those lips, you keep in track of things, it's a lot, but it's not on wieldy, there are six ashamos, three are coming for definite sins, what we said before, asham gazelis, asham ilus, and ashevicharufa, then you have the asham tully, if you're maybe did it there in the it's a jhatas, then you have these two other, those are all rams, then you have the not necessary ram that is male sheep, and without a fixed minimum amount, for the conclusion of your process, either as a mitzora, or as a nazir became tamay, okay, and the final carbon we end up in your process is the gear, the convert, when a non-ju converts, the basemakers are around, so he has to bring an animal as a carbon, it could be actually an animal or could be two birds, as ola, okay, so those are also topics of rams, now, so that's the

25:12main topic of sex, these different carbonos and how they work, words speaking out here that there's one last topic of rams, which is like how to deal with, if you have like multiple of eras that sort of combine, so the basic rules as follows, if a person does multiple of eras, the shogag, and each one is a different of the targ mitzvahs, let's call it, each of the six thirteen, so then he'll have to bring a separate jhatas for each of them, even if one single act included two separate crimes at the same time, like if he in one bite he swallowed, you know, halive and, which is forbidden fat and dumb blood together, so then he asked bring two carbonos one for each of them, okay, if however, he did a single, he did multiple eras, but they're all a single type of, single one of the six thirteen mitzvahs, and he did them all what's called behalim echat, only one single lap, so the classic example is shabis, okay,

26:13a person forgets today shabis, and he plants, and he plows, and he cooks, whatever, so multiple violations of shabis, but he didn't know with shabis, or it could be even that for the next for five years, he didn't know those such a thing as shabis, and or his calendar is messed up or something, and for five years running, he was Michal shabis every week, all sorts of different eras, but all in one hell am echat, one in one lap, some understanding, so then he would bring a single carbon for all those eras, because it's only one of the targ mitzvahs, okay, that said there is one important exception rule, which is if what's they're called gufenmuchlachem, if it's gufenmuchlachem means that it's like it's done with multiple different objects or people, then even if it is a single category of era, you have to bring a chattis for each, okay, we'll get into that more in my sector, but the basic idea is that if a person like didn't know this person he married was actually a sister, so then and he, you know, slept with her three times, so then there's just one

27:20to one person and one hell am one lapse, therefore one chattis all necessary, but if he slept with three different sisters, not again, but showing the knowing that he was related to them, so then even if it's on one lap since his three separate gufenmuchlachem it's three separate women, then we have to bring a chattis for each of the three, okay, and that's basically the scope of the misect, let me just talk about the structure for just a moment and we'll wrap it up, so there's six procken here, the first two mishnias deal with the 36 creases and then the obligation if one does it be made as a joke etc, bring a chattis, then we go on and to talk about like complexities that arise from giving birth in the first parach, and then the ashamus and muchusuri keep poor him like the ashamus and the those concluding karbonus and the second parach, the third parach deals with essentially when you have to bring multiple chattis, at the same time like it is discussed, the chilic chattis, and then the fourth and fifth parach deal with situations of suffix, so that means the asham telling the like where you're not sure if you have to bring it, or what to bring if you're not sure of what you did, and then the sixth parach really is a miscellany

28:22of how yum kippur works with all this and how you choose the right animals for karbonus and that kind of thing, so good with that as the ashamus is ready to start, the miscellany of the nernest.