Course 19 - Ultimate Rust Crash Course | Episode 4: Rust Foundations: Structs, Traits, Collections

In this lesson, you’ll learn about:

Data Organization with Structs and Traits:
- Using structs to group data fields, methods, and associated functions.
- Defining shared behavior with traits instead of inheritance.
- Writing generic functions that operate on any type implementing a required trait.
- Using default trait implementations to share common behavior without repetitive code.
Managing Data with Standard Collections:
- Vectors (Vec): Dynamic lists or stacks for storing items of the same type.
- HashMaps: Key–value storage with efficient lookup and removal.
- Specialized collections: VecDeque for double-ended queues, HashSet for set operations, and BTree collections for sorted data.
Advanced Logic with Enums and Pattern Matching:
- Using enums as powerful data types that can hold different kinds of associated data.
- Enforcing safety through exhaustive pattern matching with match and if let.
- Core language enums:
  - Option for representing optional values without nulls.
  - Result for explicit and robust error handling.
Practical Application and Exercises:
- Implementing state changes in structs using traits and methods.
- Building simulations that combine enums, collections, and pattern matching.
- Iterating over collections to calculate results based on enum variants.

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